cell energy flashcards
(26 cards)
Autotroph
an organism, such as a plant, which is able to manufacture its own food.
light reactions
the source of energy that is later used to drive the production of carbohydrates.
chlorophyll
All green plants contain chlorophyll. Plants use the nutrients from sunlight to produce a green pigment called chlorophyll.
photosynthesis
A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight.
calvin cycle
carbon dioxide is reduced and sugar precursors are formed, using the chemical energy
Electron transport chain
when oxygen supply is limited, the electron transport chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane becomes highly reduced.
NADPH
an important electron donor found in all living organisms.
pigment
An organic compound that gives a characteristic color to plant or animal tissues and is involved in vital processes.
granum
A unit of weight in the metric system
stomata
a pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange.
carbon fixation
the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms
heterotrophs
organisms that consume other organisms for energy.
thylakoids
pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell.
carotenoids
tetraterpene pigments, which exhibit yellow, orange, red and purple colors
mitochondrial matrix
a gel-like material in the mitochondrion, or organelle that performs the process of aerobic respiration,
Aerobic respiration
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates
Fermentation
a metabolic process in which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid
NAD
it consists of two nucleotides, one with an adenine base and the other with a nicotinamide base.
Alcoholic fermentation
a process in which some sugars are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by the action of various
Glycolysis
the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy
NADH
One nucleotide contains an adenine nucleobase and the other, nicotinamide.
Anaerobic
Occurring in the absence of oxygen or not requiring oxygen to live.
cellular respiration
the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these .
krebs cycle
a sequence of reactions in the living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid o
