cell energy vocab Flashcards
(23 cards)
photosynthesis
the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
glucose
a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
carbohydrates
the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products.
autotrophs
an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
heterotrophs
an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.
pigments
the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
atp
the energy currency of life.
adp
An organic compound that is composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups.
amp
ADP → ATP + AMP.
light reaction
the reaction of something, especially the iris of the eye, to different intensities of light.
dark or synthesis reaction
make use of these organic energy molecules (ATP and NADPH).
krebs cycle
the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration.
glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
respiration
a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
aerobic
relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen.
anaerobic
relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen.
fermentation
the process of fermentation involved in the making of beer, wine, and liquor, in which sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol.
lactic acid
a colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise.
alchoholic fermentation
Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.
homeostasis
the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
the law of conservation of mas/energy
It implies that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be change from one form to another.
chromotagraphy
the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography) through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
