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Biology year 10 > Cell Function > Flashcards

Cell Function Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Diffusion

A

Going from high concentration to low concentration

The spreading of something more widely

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2
Q

Osmosis

A

Low to high concentration
Movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane
Passive (does not need energy)

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3
Q

Cell membrane Controls

A

what comes in and out of the cell, found in plant and animal cells

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4
Q

Hypotonic

A

Any solution with a lower concentration so the water flows into the cell

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5
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

When water is drawn out of the cell to the higher concentration

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6
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts?

A

Captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food in plant cells

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7
Q

Isotonic solution

A

When both the cell and the outside of the cell have an equal concentration

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8
Q

Passive transport

A

No energy is needed to move particles

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9
Q

Active transport

A

Energy is needed to move particles

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10
Q

Endocytosis

A

Taking something into the cell

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11
Q

Exocytosis

A

Expelling something from the cell

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12
Q

The nucleus

A

Most visible organelle in a cell

Controls centre for he cell

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13
Q

Nucleolus

A

A dark spot in the nucleus. Stores materials that are used to make ribosomes

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14
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Membrane covered organelle
Breaks down drugs and any other substances
Packages proteins to be sent out of the cell

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

Breaks down food molecules to make energy for the cell

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16
Q

Cell membrane

A

Covers the surface of the cell

Acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

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17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid inside the cell that surrounds the organelles

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18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made from amino acids

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19
Q

Golgi complex

A

Packages and transports materials out of the cell

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20
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts and foreign materials

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21
Q

Cell wall

A

Only found in plant cell

It surrounds the cell membrane to provide protection

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22
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Only found in plant cells

Where photosynthesis takes place

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23
Q

Large vacuole

A

Only in plant cell

Store water

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24
Q

What are enzymes

A

Made of protein
Speed up reactions
Present in all living things

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25
What's an excample of an enzyme
Washing powder
26
What are two factors important in enzyme reaction
Rate of reaction and temperature
27
What happens to enzymes at a low temp
They become inactive
28
Process of enzymes
Substrate ------ Enzyme ------ Product | Enzyme Splits the Substrate in two
29
Define prokaryote
Simple structure No nucleus Example is bacteria
30
Define eukaryotype
More complex structure Have a nucleus Example plant and animal cells
31
What's the difference between plant and animal cells
Plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplast and a large vacuole. Rectangle shape Animal cell is round
32
Compare skin and muscle cells
``` Compared to a skin cell, a muscle cell is likely to have more... A) Golgi bodies B) Mitochondria C) Cell membranes D) Chloroplasts ```
33
Example of osmosis, diffusion and active transport
Osmosis- pruned fingers when your in water too long Diffusion-air freshener in a room Active transport-ATP
34
What occurs when the amount of substrate is increased in an enzyme
The reaction is faster
35
Label a plant and animal cell
Photos
36
Label a plant and animal cell
Photos
37
Define semi permable membrane
A substance which allows solvent molecules to pass thro but not solute molecules
38
Define catalyst and an example
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. When iron and oxygen react they form rust
39
Rough ER
Transports proteins and carries out protein synthesis
40
Smooth ER
Transports lipids and carries out lipid synthesis
41
Define substrate
The substance on which the enzyme reacts
42
Define products
The result of the enzyme reaction
43
Define catalyst
A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a chemical reaction, without itself being changed by the reaction.
44
An example of a catalyst
Is an enzyme
45
Explain the lock and key theory
The lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate. Only the correct fit for the key will make the reaction. The substrate will split in two and turn into the product
46
Active site of enzymes
The active site of the enzyme is the place where the substrate binds and at which catalysis occurs.
47
Make up of enzymes
They are made with proteins
48
Three examples of enzymes and where they are found in the human body
Food digestion-amino acids break down food in our stomach DNA copying Glucose transformation-To get energy from glucose
49
What is an enzyme inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity
50
Fluid mosaic model
The fluid-mosaic model describes the plasma membrane of animal cells. The plasma membrane that surrounds these cells has two layers.
51
Define activation energy
the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
52
Ph level of amylase
7 neutral
53
Ph level of pepsin
1.5
54
Define co enzymes
a non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.
55
What is the role of enzymes
Speed up reactions
56
Darwins theory of evolution
Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring.
57
Define autosomal recessive
A genetic condition that appears only in individuals who have received two copies of an autosomal gene, one copy from each parent. There is a 25% chance that the child will get the disease
58
What is genetic testing
Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.
59
Define offspring
The product or result of something
60
Define progeny
descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring
61
Define chromosome
A thread like structure found in the nucleus
62
Define X linked disease
any disease or disorder that is caused by there being a problem with a sex chromosome, normally X. These disorders most commonly happen with males as they only have one X chromosome, women have two and can only get the disease if both X chromosomes are infected
63
Why is haemophilia termed a sex linked, recessive gene
This gene is only found on X chromosomes. Men are more likely to get this disease as they only have one X chromosome and if that gets infected they have the disease. Where girls have two so they have a less likely chance of both X chromosomes having the disease.
64
Example of a dominate disease
Huntingtons disease
65
Example of a recessive disease
Cystics fibrosis
66
The role of ATP
Without it respiration would not happen
67
Define semi permeable membrane
Only allows certain things pass through it

Biology year 10 (4 decks)

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