Cell growth and Divison ch 11/ch 12.4

Question 1

cell division

Answer 1

when a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

process of reproduction involving one parent resulting in a genetically identical offspring

Question 3

sexual reproduction

Answer 3

process of reproduction involving two parents resulting in the first cell of a new organism

Question 4

out of three cubes varying in sizes which one would have the greatest ratio of cell membrane surface area relative to the volume of its cytoplasm?

Answer 4

the smallest cube

Question 5

cell’s carry genetic info in packages of DNA called ..

Answer 5

chromosomes

Question 6

Most _____ only have one circular strand of DNA

Answer 6

prokaryotes

Question 7

In eukaryotic cells, the genetic structure consists of DNA and a tightly wound protein, which together form a substance called _______

Answer 7

chromatin

Question 8

the beadlike structures formed by DNA wrapped around ________ proteins are called nucleosomes

Answer 8

histone

Question 9

_________ make possible the precise separation of DNA during cell division

Answer 9

chromosomes

Question 10

what is the name of the type of cell division that occurs in the prokaryotic cell cycle?

Answer 10

binary fission

Question 11

What happens during interphase?

Answer 11

a period in the cell cycle when the cell grows.

Question 12

In eukaryotic cells what happens in G1 phase that differs from G2 phase?

Answer 12

In G1 the cell is growing whereas in G2 the cell begins to move into place.

Question 13

chromosome

Answer 13

threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed down from one gen to the next.

Question 14

chromatin

Answer 14

substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

Question 15

cell cycle

Answer 15

series of events where a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two daughter cells

Question 16

mitosis

Answer 16

part of eukaryotic cell division where the nucleus divides as well.

Question 17

cytokinesis

Answer 17

division of cytoplasm to create two new daughter cells

Question 18

prophase

Answer 18

the first and longest phase in mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the nucleus becomes visible

Question 19

chromatid

Answer 19

one of two “sister” duplicated chromosome parts

Question 20

centromere

Answer 20

region of a chromosome where the two chromatids attach

Question 21

centriole

Answer 21

structure in animal cell that helps divide and organize cell division

Question 22

metaphase

Answer 22

phase of mitosis where all chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

Question 23

anaphase

Answer 23

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 24

telophase

Answer 24

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

Question 25

during what phase do the sister chromatids separate

Answer 25

anaphase

Question 26

if you were looking at a cell with the chromosomes all lined in the middle what phase must it be in?

Answer 26

metaphase

Question 27

What phase of mitosis when complete will result in two identical chromosomes

Answer 27

telophase

Question 28

A cell with two pairs of each set of chromosomes is a ________ cell

Answer 28

diploid

Question 29

A cell with only one set of chromosomes is a _________ cell

Answer 29

somatic

Question 30

sperm and egg cells are called ______ cells

Answer 30

gametes

Question 31

A type of cell division that results in diploid cells

Answer 31

mitosis

Question 32

A type of cell division that results in haploid cells

Answer 32

meiosis

Question 33

The process when a sperm and egg cell combine is _____

Answer 33

fertilization

Question 34

matching chromosomes are ______ pairs

Answer 34

homogulous

Question 35

During ______ of meiosis, these pairs form a tetrad.

Answer 35

prophase

Question 36

When homogulous chromosomes exchange genes it is called ________

Answer 36

crossing over

Question 37

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis I?

Answer 37

2

Question 38

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis II?

Answer 38

4

Question 39

how many cells does mitosis create?

Answer 39

two identical cells

Question 40

how many cells does meiosis create?

Answer 40

egg and sperm cells

Question 41

how many divisions does mitosis have?

Answer 41

one single cell division

Question 42

how many divisions does meiosis have?

Answer 42

two cell divisions

Question 43

Is mitosis haploid or diploid?

Answer 43

diploid

Question 44

Is meiosis haploid or diploid?

Answer 44

haploid

Question 45

What is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 45

crossing over occurs only in meiosis

Question 46

How many cells does mitosis create?

Answer 46

two

Question 47

How many cells does meiosis create?

Answer 47

four

Question 48

Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble

Answer 48

moving needed materials in and waste products out

Question 49

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

Answer 49

mitosis

Question 50

During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen

Answer 50

M phase

Question 51

Which pair includes a phase of the cell cycle and a cellular process that occurs during that phase

Answer 51

G1 phase

Question 52

When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated?

Answer 52

S phase

Question 53

The first phase of mitosis is called

Answer 53

Prophase

Question 54

List the phases of mitosis in order

Answer 54

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

Question 55

During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells each containing

Answer 55

four chromosomes

Question 56

If an organisms diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

Answer 56

6 chromosomes

Question 57

Gametes are produced by the process of

Answer 57

meiosis

Question 58

What is formed at the end of meiosis

Answer 58

four haploid daughter cells

Question 59

Structures that hold sister chromatids together in double-stranded chromosomes are known as

Answer 59

the centromere

Question 60

The process of crossing over ensures that

Answer 60

variation in any offspring

Question 61

Name the phases of meiosis in order

Answer 61

prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II, and cytokinesis II