Cell Homeostasis and Transport Flashcards Preview

Honors Biology Midterm > Cell Homeostasis and Transport > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cell Homeostasis and Transport Deck (35)
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1
Q

not rigid, fluid like with the movement of molecules. “proteins drift from place to place among the phospholipids; semipermeable barrier that allows only certain things to pass through

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

2
Q

2 layers that create the main structure of the cell membrane

A

The phospholipid bilayer

3
Q

primary component of the cell membrane

A

The phospholipid bilayer

4
Q

allows small molecules (water, oxygen and carbon dioxide) to pass directly into and out of the cell.

A

The phospholipid bilayer

5
Q

The membrane is permeable to small molecules

A

The phospholipid bilayer

6
Q

This is a protein that is embedded throughout the entire phospholipid bilayer

A

A transport protein

7
Q

What is another name for a transport protein

A

A channel or Carrier protein

8
Q

What helps the cell to receive chemical information

A

A receptor cell

9
Q

Allows substances to bind to the surface of the cell

A

A receptor cell

10
Q

These help to identify cell type

A

Recognition proteins

11
Q

These help with adhesion, cells stick to other cell to form tissues

A

recognition proteins

12
Q

What are glycoproteins with carbohydrate branches

A

recognition proteins

13
Q

What are the two categories of processes

A

passive and active

14
Q

No energy is expended by the cell in what process

A

passive

15
Q

What must exist for passive transport?

A

a concentration gradient

16
Q

Explain how passive transport works.

A

a high vs. low in amount of molecule in a given space, movement from high to low concentration, the movement continues until equilibrium is reached, a balanced bunch of molecules

17
Q

What are two examples of passive transport?

A

diffusion and osmosis

18
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of molecules of a high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached

19
Q

Name an example of diffusion in everyday life.

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

20
Q

Name an example of diffusion in a cell

A

A Human Muscle Cell Respiring Aerobically

21
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to low, It is dependent on solute in a solution where the solvent was water

22
Q

What does a red blood cell look like in an isotonic solution?

A

It looks normal

23
Q

What does a red blood cell look like in a hypertonic solution?

A

It looks shriveled

24
Q

What does a red blood cell look like in a hypotonic solution?

A

It is expanded

25
Q

Diffusion of a molecule that is aided by a transport protein.

A

Facilitated diffusion

26
Q

True or False. Movement in facilitated diffusion is always from low to high concentration.

A

False. It is always from high to low concentration

27
Q

Explain the three steps of facilitated diffusion of a glucose molecule.

A
#1  After a meal, the glucose is highly concentrated in the blood and there is low concentration in the cells
#2 A transport protein specific for glucose accepts a glucose molecule
#3 A carrier protein helps glucose molecule move into the cell.
28
Q

In active transport, a cell must expend _____ energy to move molecules across the membranes

A

ATP

29
Q

Name 2 types of active transport

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

30
Q

Active transport into cell, can involve transport proteins or cell membranes engulfing molecules

A

Endocytosis

31
Q

Name an example of endocytosis

A

Transport of amino acids into the cell after the digestion of a protein

32
Q

This occurs when the cell membrane engulfs solid particles to carry them into cytoplasm

A

Phagocytosis (THINK OF YOUR BROTHER EATING HIS TWIN) HAHAHAHAHAHA

33
Q

Name two examples of phagocytosis

A

When an amoeba feeds on bacteria

When a white blood cell engulfing bacteria and destroying them

34
Q

This occurs when cells are surrounded by tissue fluids, water can move from surrounding solution into a cell, direction of water movement depends on the concentration of water molecules on wither side of the cell membrane, water concentration same in the cell water will move into and out of the cell at the same rate, surrounding solution is isotonic, molecules highly concentration inside cell water will move out of the cell, surrounding solution is hypertonic molecules are more highly concentrated in surrounding solution water will move in the cell, the cell gets bigger (cytosis)

A

Pinocytosis

35
Q

Explain exocytosis

A
#1 Food particle taken in by endocytosis
#2 Fusion forms a secondary lysome
#3 Food particles are digested
#4 Waste is removed via exocytosis