Cell Injury

Question 1

What’s The central factor in phathogenesis of irreversible cell injury?

Answer 1

Injury to plasma membrane

Question 2

What’s causes of injury of plasma membrane ?

Answer 2

1-loos of membrane phospholipid due to increase degradation and decrease synthesis.
2-lipid break down products.
3-cytoskeleton protein degradation .
4-toxic oxygen radicals.

Question 3

Numerate causes of mitochondria injury?

Answer 3

1-initially .irreversible injury associated with vasculaization of mitochondria.
2-upon reprfusion, massive ca influx into cell, ca is taken up by mitochondria,increase ca inhibits mitochondria enzymes.
3-cell death .

Question 4

Numerate The characterised of cell death .

Answer 4

1-extensive plasma membrane damage .
2.progressive degradation of cell organelles .
3- leakage of intracellular enzyme into extra cellular space .
4-entry of extracellular macromolecules into the cell death .
5-dead cell is replaced by larg masses, composed phospholipid ,in the form of “myeline figures”
6.myelin figures are either phagocytosed by neutrophils and macrophages or degraded into fatty acid .
7-fatty acid residues may be calcified to produce calcium soaps .

Question 5

Define metaplasia?

Answer 5

A reversible change in which one (mature/adult/deferentied cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal)is replaced by another mature cell type of the same mature cell type category.

Question 6

What’s the different types of metaplasia ?

Answer 6

1-epithelial metaplasia
-sequamous metaplasia cause chronic irritation .exp the respiratory pseudostratified columner ciliated epithelium is transformed into more resistant stratified squamous due to cigarette smoking .
-the transition epithelium of urinary bladder is changed to st.sq.epi through chronic irritation by stones or bilharzial ova.
-columnar (intestine)metaplasia
2-connective tissue metaplasia

Question 7

Give exp of Columnar (intestinal)metaplasia

Answer 7

-gastric mucosa at edge of chronic peptic ulcer is changed into intestinal type epithelium.
-the lower third of the eosophageal stratified squamous epithelium is transferred into gastric type mucosa (columnar metaplasia)in cases of gastric reflux.

Question 8

Give short note about connective tissue metaplasia

Answer 8

At sites of healing injury, fibroblasts may be transformed into chondroblasts or osteoblasts with formation of cartilage or bone outside the skeleton E.g myositis ossificans.

Question 9

What’s dysplasia?

Answer 9

Premalignant,reversible , disorderly overgrowth of cells .

Question 10

What is the feature of dysplasia ?

Answer 10

Mild
Moderate
Sever
(Carcinoma in situ ,no invasion)

Question 11

Charcterzied of hyalines ?

Answer 11

-proteinsous
-homogenous
-structerless
-esonipille
-accumulate may be in intra or extracellular

Question 12

What is the normal case in mucoid degeneration ?

Answer 12

In amplaical cord

Question 13

What’s hyilans bodies in liver?

Answer 13

In case of alcohol/Mallory body’s
In case of viral hepatitis /council man bodies