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cell injury Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

Fat necrosis - enzymatic digestion from lipases “leaked” into adipose tissues

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2
Q
A

Liquefactive Necrosis of the brain

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3
Q

Psammoma body

A

Dystrophic Calcification

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4
Q

Occurance of wet gangrene

A

Secondary to bacterial infections at site of ischemic damage

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5
Q

Adaptation: Barrett’s esophagus

A

Metaplasia - squamous –> columnuar on small intestintal globet cell metaplasia

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6
Q

Too much vitamin D

A

Metastatic Calcification

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7
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Desctruction of adipocytes

A

Fat Necrosis

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8
Q

Adaptation: Liver undergoing compensatory growth

A

Hyperplasia

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9
Q
A

Dry Gangrene - coagulative necrosis

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10
Q
A

Wet Gangrene - Liquefactive necrosis

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11
Q

Adaptation: Scarring and Fibrosis

A

Hyperplasia

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12
Q

Adaptation: increase in endometrial thickness under estrogenic stimulation

A

Hyperplasia

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13
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Inflammation levels and number of cells

A

Necrosis has increase inflammation and larger number of cells/area of tissue.

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14
Q
A

Dystrophic calcification

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15
Q

Fat necrosis large scale destruction

A

Saponification with deposition of calcium salts

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16
Q
A

Caseuous necrosis

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17
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A

from intracellular injury (radiation, toxins, Ros, ), more p53, more Bcl family members (bak, bax)

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18
Q
A

Psomamma body - dystrophic calcification.

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19
Q

Adaptation: thickening of the heart, decrease in the volume

A

Hypertrophy (Cardiac)

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20
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: Tissue architecture is lost, cell outlines not present

A

Liquefactive necrosis

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21
Q

Adaptation: Smoking

A

Metaplasia - columnar –> squamous

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22
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

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A

Death receptors - FAS w/ FASL, TNFR1

or Cytotoxic T-cell Mediated Death with Granzyme B

23
Q

Adaptation: Poor nutrition - generalized cachexia

24
Q

Necrosis or Apoptosis: CNS Necrosis

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A

Liquefactive Necrosis

25
Endogenous - hemosiderin - hemoglobin break down product, iron stored in cells
26
Adaptation: reduced endocrine stimulation in postmenopausal state
Atrophy
27
Dystrophic Calcification
Normal systemic calcium levels, associated with dying/degernerating cells - atherosclerosis and valvulatr heart disease, Fat necrosis
28
Lipid accumulations steatosis - fatty change in liver. Fatty acid accumulation within cells with normally active FA metabolism
29
Karyolysis
nuclear dissolution - coagulative necrosis
30
Exogenous - Lipofuscian - wear and tear pigment - phopholipids/proteins-lack of enzyme
31
Necrosis or Apoptosis: Tuberculosis in lung
Caseous Necrosis
32
Foamy macrophages, atherosclersosis from cholesterol, lipid accumulation
33
Necrosis or Apoptosis:cell death with dead inflammatory cells resulting in pus
Liquefactive necrosis
34
Necrosis or Apoptosis: Complete enzymatic digestion of dead cells
Liquefactive necrosis
35
Necrosis or Apoptosis: Microscopic visual shows does not tissue architecture, surrounded by granulomatous inflammation
Caseous (Gross) Necrosis
36
liquefactive necrosis
37
Metastatic Calcification
Hypercalcemia, destruction of bone, Increase PTH for bone resorption, in gastric mucosa, kidneys, lungs, blood vessels
38
Xanthoma lipid accumulation w/ hypercholesterolemia
39
Adaptation: Decreased workload due to disuse in the skeletal muscle, bone
Atrophy
40
Adaptation: increasing cell number for mammary glands during lactation to provide milk
Hyperplasia
41
Liquefactive necrosis
42
Adaptation: Loss of nerve supply due to dernevation in the skeletal muscle
Atrophy
43
Adaptation: Ischemia in brain
Atrophy
44
Fat necrosis
45
Pyknosis
Coagulative necrosis - nuclear shrinkage and darkening
46
Exogenous - carbon dust - anthrocosis - lung found in macrophages in lymphatic channels
47
Apoptosis Physiologic
Involution of structure during development, eliminate immune cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils), Involution following hormoen withdrawal, CTL mediation.
48
Coagulative necrosis
49
Necrosis or Apoptosis: Denaturation of cytosolic proteins
Necrosis (coagulative)
50
Adaptation: Gravid Uterus
Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy -- the uterus during pregnancy
51
Apoptosis Pathologic
Radiation, drugs, DNA damage Viral infections - autoimmune Neoplastic
52
ex. of dry gangrene
Extereme diabetes, intestines
53
Karyyorrhexsis
fragmentation of pyknotic nucleus

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