cell injury and death Flashcards Preview

pathology > cell injury and death > Flashcards

Flashcards in cell injury and death Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

steatosis - definition

A
  • accumulation of fat (triglyceride) in hepatocytes “fatty change”
  • an alcoholic liver injury
  • reversible
2
Q

mechanism of fatty liver development

A

conversion of alcohol to acetate creates NADH which signals cells to make triglycerides and not to break down fatty acids. Decreased lipoprotein synthesis keeps fat in liver (low VLDL)

3
Q

Mallory’s hyaline

A
  • alcoholic liver injury
  • permanent cell injury
  • aggregation of cytokeratin filaments
4
Q

hemosiderosis

A
  • increased iron in tissue due to any cause
5
Q

hemochromatosis

A
  • a genetic disease that results in abnormal accumulation of iron in tissues
6
Q

treatment for hemosiderosis

A
  • phlebotomy
7
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma

A
  • malignancy of B lymphocytes with apoptotic cell death of malignant cells and phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by macrophages
8
Q

example of a permanent cell injury

A

Mallory’s hyaline

9
Q

example of a reversible cell injury

A

fatty liver - steatosis

10
Q

example of a lethal cell injury

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

11
Q

example of a hypoxic cell injury

A

Ischemia

12
Q

what is ischemia?

A

the effect of O2 deprivation on cell function and morphology

13
Q

ischemia mechanism

A
  • no O2, cells lose ability to regulate Na/K gradient
  • NA rushes in with water
  • Ca also comes in, damages integrity of membrane
14
Q

effects of calcium influx on cells

A

1 - Decreased ATP
2 - decreased phospholipids
3 - disruption of membrane and cytoskeletal proteins
4 - nucleus chromatin damage

15
Q

earliest morphologic change in cell death

A
  • swelling of mitochondria with Ca2+ precipitate

- mitochondria become porous and enter a low energy state

16
Q

necrosis

A
  • cell death at the level of tissues

- morphologic changes from cell death in living tissues

17
Q

necrosis is the cumulative effect of three things:

A

1 - enzymatic degradation of dead cells
2 - primarily mediated by lysosomal enzymes
3 - denaturation of proteins

18
Q

two types of necrosis:

A

1 - coagulative - most common - denaturation of cell proteins dominates the picture (infarction)
2 - liquefactive - extensive acute inflammation (bacteria or fungus) resulting in nearly complete digestion of tissue (abscess or cerebral infarction)

19
Q

three examples of coagulative necrosis

A

1 - myocardial infarction
2 - renal infarction
3 - pulmonary infarction

20
Q

two examples of liquefactive necrosis

A

1 - cerebral infarction (stroke)

2 - necrotizing fungal pneumonia

21
Q

gangrenous necrosis (special type)

A
  • consequence of bacterial colonization of tissue that has already undergone necrosis
  • liquefactive necrosis superimposed on pre-existing coagulative necrosis
22
Q

caseous necrosis

A
  • associated with tuberculosis

- cheese like appearance

23
Q

enzymatic fat necrosis

A
  • associated with pancreatitis

- lipase releases fatty acids from triglycerides and they complex with calcium to form soaps