Cell Level Systems Flashcards
(19 cards)
Name the 5 key components of an optical microscope to use.
1 the eyepiece lens
2 the objective lens
3 the stage
4 the light source
5 the coarse and fine focus
Limitations of microscopy?
the size, it is not 3D
Calculation of magnification?
Magnification = image size / actual size
Function of mitochondria?
releases energy
Function of cytoplasm?
supports the organelles
Function of vacuole?
contains cell sap and storage for certain material
Advantages of transmission electron microscopy.
1 powerful
2 high magnification and resolution
What are monomers?
small basic units that can make larger molecules
What are polymers?
molecules made from monomers
What are nucleotides?
the individual monomers in DNA that makes a long chain
What form is DNA?
double helix
Why do enzymes act as biological catalysts?
to speed up chemical reactions without being changed or used up
Why are enzymes important for all living organisms?
they allow all metabolic reactions to take place at a good rate
What is the purpose of the active site?
it allows the enzyme to bind to the substrate so a chemical reaction can take place
Explain the ‘lock & key’ hypothesis
the enzyme is a lock, the substrate is the key, and the active site is the keyhole
Name the factors that effect enzyme reactions.
1 temperature
2 pH
3 concentration
What will happen if you heat the enzyme above the optimum temperature?
the bonds will break and the active site loses its shape so the enzyme becomes denatured and cannot catalyse so the reaction stops
What is the calculation of rate for enzyme activity?
rate = change / time
What is amylase?
an enzyme that breaks down starch
