Cell Metabolism 2

Question 1

The five main classes of lipids

Answer 1

Free fatty acids Triacyglycerols Phospholipids Glycolipids Steroids

Question 2

What are the fatty acid storage

Answer 2

Triacylglycerols

Question 3

Source of fats

Answer 3

Diet Liver Adipose - storage depots

Question 4

Where are bile salts generated

Answer 4

Liver and stored in gallbladder From cholestrol

Question 5

How to bile salts solubilise fats

Answer 5

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic sides

Question 6

What is steatorrhea

Answer 6

Fatty stool

Question 7

What is orlistat

Answer 7

Inhibitor of gastric and pancreatic lipase Reduce of fat absorptions

Question 8

How are lipids transported

Answer 8

Question 9

How are the fat digested products absorbed

Answer 9

By enterocytes

Question 10

How are chylomicrons transported

Answer 10

Via the lymphatics and into the bloodstream

Question 11

What is lipoprotein lipase’s job

Answer 11

Lines adipose, heart and skeletal muscle

Undergo B-oxidation

Question 12

What is the life cycle of microns

Answer 12

Question 13

What is the reaction for a cholesterol ester

Answer 13

Make it pack even more tightly in the hydrophobic core

Question 14

Life cycle of liver sysnthesis lipids

Answer 14

Question 15

What is HDL function

Answer 15

Take cholestrol from peripheral tissues to liver for use in bile salt or disposal

Question 16

What is the function of LDLs

Answer 16

They lead to atherosclerosis

Question 17

Summary of lipoprotein transport pathways

Answer 17

Question 18

Reaction of B oxidation from fatty acid to acyl CoA

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the carnitine shuttle used for

Answer 19

Transport acyl CoA into the matrix

Question 20

Diagram of the carnitine shuttle

Answer 20

Question 21

What is primary carnitine deficiency

Answer 21

Autosomal recessive

Weakness, hypoglycaemia, cardiomypathies

Mutation SLC22A5 which encodes a carnitine transporter

Question 22

Diagram of the B oxidation cycle

Answer 22

Question 23

When is ketone bodies formed

Answer 23

Low glucose

Question 24

Ketone body formation

Answer 24

Question 25

What is lipogenesis

Answer 25

Fatty acid biosynthesis

Question 26

What are the enzymes responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis

Answer 26

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Fatty acid synthase

Question 27

Diagram of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 27

Question 28

Difference between fatty acid degradation and fatty acid synthesis

Answer 28

Carriers: ACP vs CoA Reducing power: FAD/NAD+ v NADPH Locations: Mitochondrial matric vs cytoplasm

Question 29

Summary of lipogenesis

Answer 29

If you need to make fatty acid longer than 16, it happens in mitochondria and ER Desaturation of fatty acids requires fatty acyl-CoA desaturases

Question 30

Where is FA synthesis normally

Answer 30

Liver, adipose, tissue

Question 31

Can FA synthesis occur in cancer cells

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Disorder of B oxidation

Answer 32

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Short chain (\<6) medium chain (6-12) long chain (13-21) Medium chain acyl coA dehydrogenase Autosomal recessive Should never go without food for long high carbohydrate diet May need glucose Life threatening if unmanaged