Cell Modifications and Types

Question 1

What are the five types of animal cells?

Answer 1

• skin
• muscle
• fat
• nerve
• blood

Question 2

What’s another word for “muscle cells”?

Answer 2

myocytes

Question 3

What’s another word for “fat cells”?

Answer 3

adipocytes

Question 4

What’s another word for “nerve cells”?

Answer 4

neurons

Question 5

What’s another word for “blood cells”?

Answer 5

hematocytes

Question 6

What are the different types of skin cells?

Answer 6

• melanocytes
• keratinocytes
• Langerhams cells

Question 7

What is our first line of defense?

Answer 7

skin

Question 8

What do MELANOCYTES do?

Answer 8

produce melanin for UV ray protection

Question 9

What do KERATINOCYTES do?

Answer 9

epidermal cells that protect us from foreign substances

Question 10

What do LANGERHAMS CELLS do?

Answer 10

• eliminate foreign materials, viruses, and bacteria

- determine whether the skin response is inflammatory or tolerant

Question 11

What are the different types of myocytes?

Answer 11

• cardiac muscle
• skeletal
• smooth muscle

Question 12

What are CARDIAC MUSCLE cells in charge of?

Answer 12

involuntary actions like heart pumping

Question 13

What are SMOOTH MUSCLE cells?

Answer 13

non-striated cells found in the lining of hollow organs

Question 14

What does “non-striated” mean?

Answer 14

smooth, thin muscle that isn’t controlled voluntarily

Question 15

What are the different types of adipocytes?

Answer 15

• white fat
• brown fat
• beige fat

Question 16

What’s the function of WHITE FAT cells?

Answer 16

heat, insulation, and energy storage

Question 17

What are BROWN FAT cells in charge of?

Answer 17

body heat

Question 18

What are BEIGE FAT cells?

Answer 18

white fat cells that underwent browning

Question 19

What do beige fat cells provide?

Answer 19

body heat

Question 20

What do neurons do?

Answer 20

help the nervous system process and transmit information

Question 21

What are neurons incapable of?

Answer 21

regeneration (they’re quiescent)

Question 22

What are the different types of hematocytes?

Answer 22

• Red
• White
• Platelets

Question 23

What’s another term for “red blood cells”?

Answer 23

erythrocytes

Question 24

What’s another term for “white blood cells”?

Answer 24

leukocytes

Question 25

What's another term for "platelets"?

Answer 25

thrombocytes

Question 26

What do LEUKOCYTES do?

Answer 26

eliminate foreign bodies

Question 27

What do THROMBOCYTES do?

Answer 27

blood clotting

Question 28

What do ERYTHROCYTES do?

Answer 28

transport oxygen

Question 29

What allows erythrocytes easy movement through blood vessels?

Answer 29

high deformability

Question 30

What shape enables erythrocytes to transport oxygen?

Answer 30

bioconcave disc

Question 31

Why do erythrocytes lose their nucleus as they mature?

Answer 31

to increase surface area for gas exchange for optimal oxygenification

Question 32

What are the different types of plant cells?

Answer 32

- parenchyma - collenchyma - sclerenchyma - xylem - phloem - meristematic - epidermal

Question 33

What do PARENCHYMA cells do?

Answer 33

photosynthesis, protein storage, substance secretion

Question 34

What do COLLENCHYMA cells do?

Answer 34

support the plant and transport nutrients

Question 35

What do XYLEM cells do?

Answer 35

carry water, keep the plant hydrated

Question 36

What do PHLOEM cells do?

Answer 36

carry sugar/food and organic compound

Question 37

What do MERISTEMATIC cells do?

Answer 37

trigger root tip growth in seedlings

Question 38

What kind of cells are meristematic cells?

Answer 38

totipotent

Question 39

What does "totipotent" mean?

Answer 39

can differentiate into any cell type

Question 40

What do meristematic cells continuously undergo?

Answer 40

cell division and differentiation

Question 41

What do EPIDERMAL cells do?

Answer 41

protect against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection

Question 42

What is CELL MODIFICATION for?

Answer 42

adaptation in eukaryotic cells

Question 43

What are examples of modified cells?

Answer 43

- stem - intestinal - neurons - erythrocytes - tracheal - sperm

Question 44

How are intestinal cells modified?

Answer 44

made of hair-like projections called MICROVILLI that increase the surface area to absorb nutrients better

Question 45

Where are microvilli located?

Answer 45

small intestine

Question 46

How are tracheal cells modified?

Answer 46

they have cilia that drives air impurities, foreign particles, and mucus secretions upwards

Question 47

What is the cause of coughing and sneezing?

Answer 47

tracheal cells

Question 48

What are stem cells?

Answer 48

- capable of differentiation | - embryos

Question 49

What do SCHLERENCHYMA cells do?

Answer 49

- same as parenchyma | - thick walls of lignin