Cell Neuroscience - Neurons and Glia - Part 3

Question 1

___ are immunocompetent and phagocytic cells in the CNS, which in the event of injury, inflammation and disease, become activated, reactive. They protect neurons from harmful micro-organisms and the toxic effects of cellular debris.

Answer 1

• Microglia

Question 2

Microglia are suggested to participate in initiation and progression of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, by ___.

Answer 2

-releasing potentially cytotoxic molecules such as proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen intermediates and proteinases.

Question 3

Which type of CNS glial cells form the walls of the ventricles?

Answer 3

Ependymal

Question 4

___ secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and transfer molecules from blood into CSF.

Answer 4

Choroid plexus epithelial cells

Question 5

___ are four separate populations of bipolar cells possibly linking the CSF to neuroendocrine events. During development, a subpopulation of radial glial cells differentiates into ___, which share some properties with astrocytes and radial glia, displaying unique and distinct morphological, molecular, and functional characteristics

Answer 5

• Tanycytes

- tanycytes

Question 6

Astrocytes associated with the ___ are responsible for maintaining cerebral blood flow and ionic and osmotic balances in the brain.

Answer 6

neurovascular unit

Question 7

Schwann cells demyelinate, proliferate and dedifferentiate to assume a molecular phenotype similar to that of immature cells, which then can again…

Answer 7

support nerve regeneration

Question 8

___ are small cells that surround neurons in sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, where they regulate the chemical environment.

Answer 8

Satellite glial cells

Question 9

When a peripheral axon is cut, the distal segment will degenerate (___ or___ degeneration) and the proximal segment may form axon sprouts. Schwann cells on both sides of the lesion multiply and form a guide tube. They release ___ (members of a family of neurotrophins) encouraging axonal regeneration and can re-myelinate the regenerating axon.

Answer 9

• Wallerian
• anterograde
• nerve growth factors

Question 10

Regeneration of CNS axons is virtually impossible. (T/F)

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

In ___ degeneration the proteins, synthesized in cell soma, can not be transported across the damaged site leading to total disruption of the end of axon.

Answer 11

Wallerian

Question 12

___ happens when axon is sectioned close to the cell body causing swelling and movement of cell organelles away from cell body.

Answer 12

-Chromatolysis

Question 13

___ degeneration causes the degeneration of another neuron postsynaptic to the damaged neuron, whereas ___ degeneration happens in neurons, which send inputs to the damaged neuron.

Answer 13

• Anterograde

- retrograde