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Cell Organell Functions Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

The site of cellular respiration powerhouse of the cell. Produces energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose and other organic molecules, it has a double membrane

A

Mitochondrion

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2
Q

A network of flattened sacs that are studded with ribosomes, provides a highway system to transport different substances to certain parts of the cell via vesicles.

A

Rough E.R.

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3
Q

Small structures, that don’t have a membrane, that make proteins can be found free or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Ribosomes

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4
Q

A network of sacs and tubes that don’t have ribosomes attached, they make lipids and remove toxins from the cell.

A

Smooth E.R.

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5
Q

The site of photosynthesis, captures sunlight and uses solar energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

A

Chloroplasts

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6
Q

Composed a phospholipid bilayer, encloses the cell and provides protection and support,a semipermeable barrier that allows some materials to pass into/out of the cell but not others.

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

Outermost, rigid structure made of cellulose in plants but can also be found in some bacteria, algae, protists and fungi. Also it provides protection for the cell and helps maintain cell shape.

A

Cell wall

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8
Q

Stores genetic information in the form of DNA and chromosomes, the control center of the cell, directs the cell activities, contains the blueprint for making proteins.

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Forms a boundary around the nucleus, has pores that allow materials to pass into and out of the nucleus.

A

Nuclear membrane

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10
Q

Innermost part of the nucleus where ribosomes are made.

A

Nucleous

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11
Q

Long whip-like tail structures that aid in movement

A

Flagella

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12
Q

Short, hair-like structures that aid in movement

A

Cilia

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13
Q

Short, hair-like appendages found in bacteria, used for movement and conjugation/reproduction

A

Pili

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14
Q

A circular loop of DNA found only in bacteria

A

Plasmid

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15
Q

The outermost layer found in bacteria, enhances the ability of bacteria to cause diseases.

A

Capsule

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16
Q

Came up with the word cell in 1665 after looking at a piece of cork under a microscope. (Boxes like a prison “cell”)

A

Robert Hooke

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17
Q

In 1674 he improved the microscope and discovered bacteria from samples of pond water and scrapings of his teeth.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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18
Q

Made the conclusion that all plants are made of cells in 1838

A

Matthias Scheiden

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19
Q

Concluded that all animals are made of cells

A

Theodor Schwann

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20
Q

In 1855 concluded that all new cells come from existing cells.

A

Rudolph Virchow

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21
Q

All living things are made of cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things
New cells are made from existing cells

A

Cell theory tenets

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22
Q

An organism composed of only one cell

A

Unicellular

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23
Q

An organism made of many cells

A

Mulitcellular

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24
Q

Type of cell that came first, doesn’t have a nucleus or organells

A

Prokaryotic

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25
Cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organells
Eukaryotic
26
Lets light pass through the object and then two lenses.
Compound Light Microscope
27
Gives a 3-D view of the organism, aka. dissecting microscope
Stereoscope
28
Scanning Electron Microscope, specimens encased in gold, images are 3-D
SEM
29
Transmission Electron Microscope, frozen or encased in plastic, 2-D picture
TEM
30
Lens that has a power of 10X
Ocular Lens
31
The three lens on a microscope each having a different magnification power
Objective Lens
32
The power of the ocular lens times the power of the objective lens
Total Magnification
33
Jelly-like substance that holds organells in the cell, aka. the cytosol
Cytoplasm
34
Internal framework of the cell, composed of microtubules and microfilaments (protein). Provides support and structure, also help move proteins around
Cytoskeleton
35
Small sac that contains enzymes for digestion, breaks down old organelles, removes wastes, protects the cell from invaders
Lysosomes
36
functions of organelle includes intracellular secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion.
Vacuole
37
Break down fatty acid molecules
Peroxisome
38
Pair of microtubules bundles found within the centrosome, aids in cellular division, only in animal cells
Centriole
39
Microtubule organizing center, an area where microtubules are produced
Centrosome
40
Small sacs that contain different enzymes that break down harmful chemicals in the cell, such as hydrogen peroxide
Golgi body
41
The area where genetic material is found in a prokaryotic cell
Nucleoid Region
42
A type of membrane that lets some materials through and selects some to leave outside the cell.
Semipermeable
43
Non polar tails that fear water
Hydrophobic
44
Polar heads that love water
Hydrophilic
45
Makes up the cell membrane, structure has outer polar heads and inner non polar tails
Phospholipid bilayer
46
Transport that does not use energy | Example: simple and facilitated diffusion and osmosis
Passive transport
47
Type of transport that requires energy (ATP) | Example: endocytosis, exocytosis and protein pumps
Active transport
48
Molecules move across a membrane down the concentration gradient from areas of high to low concentration. This is a type of passive transport
Simple diffusion
49
A type of passive transport where water molecules move across a membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Osmosis
50
The point where the concentration of molecules is the same on the inside and outside of the cell. The cells are still moving though.
Equilibrium
51
Uncontrolled cell division
Cancer
52
Harmless tumor
Benign tumor
53
Harmful tumor
Malignant tumor
54
A high energy molecule made of adenine, ribose and phosphate
ATP
55
When the third phosphate molecule is detached form ATP
ADP
56
The difference between two areas of concentration
Concentration gradient
57
Lower solute concentration outside the cell
Hypotonic solution
58
The solute concentration outside the cell is the same as inside the cell
Isotonic solution
59
The solute concentration outside the cell is higher
Hypertonic solution
60
When a cell is swollen from a hypertonic solution
Turgid
61
Type of passive transport that helps molecules across the membrane
Facilitated diffusion
62
Also called an ion channel, provide passage ways for ions to diffuse through
Channel protein
63
Protein that binds to molecules that are too large to pass through the membrane without help
Carrier protein
64
Carrier protein that helps large amounts of water molecules through the membrane
Aquaporins
65
Type of active transport like one for sodium-potassium
Protein pump
66
The process by which cells ingest materials
Endocytosis
67
The process by which cells release waste materials
Exocytosis
68
Type of endocytosis that takes in fluids
Pinocytosis
69
Type of endocytosis where the cell takes in solids
Phagocytosis
70
Part of endocytosis where the liquid or solid is folded and pinched off
Vesicle
71
The largest portion of the cell cycle where the cell grows and copies its DNA
Interphase
72
Composed of four parts, the division of the nucleus and its genetic material
Mitosis
73
The division of the cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
74
The repeated pattern of growth and division in eukaryotic cells
Cell cycle
75
The cell grows and makes proteins
Gap 1
76
The chromosomes replicate
Synthesis
77
The cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division
Gap 2
78
Genetic material, coiled DNA
Chromatin
79
The two identical parts of a chromosome
Sister chromatids
80
Condensed and super-coiled chromatin
Chromosome
81
The structure that links sister chromatids together
Centromere
82
Organelle in eukaryotic cells that help in cell division
Centriole
83
Found in body tissues, undifferentiated cell
Adult stem cell
84
Cells from a 3-5 day old embryo
Embryonic stem cell
85
Process where a simple cell develops to posses a more distinct function.
Cell differentiation
86
The treatment of cancer using chemical/toxic substances
Chemotherapy
87
The treatment of cancer using exposure of radioactive waves directed on the tumor
Radiotherapy
88
Any substance known to produce/promote uncontrolled cell growth
Carcinogen
89
When cancer cells spread throughout the body
Metastasis
90
Signal in the form of enzymes
Internal signal
91
Signal in the form of chemicals, hormones and growth factors
External signal
92
Critical time in the cell cycle where stop and go signals regulate cell division
Checkpoint
93
Structure that forms between the nuclei in a plant cell during telophase
Cell plate
94
Structure that pinches inward between the nuclei in an animal cell during telophase
Cleavage furrow
95
Last stage of mitosis
Telophase
96
Stage of mitosis where the chromosomes split
Anaphase
97
The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up down the middle
Metaphase
98
The first stage of mitosis
Prophase
99
The smaller identical cells formed after cell division
Daughter cells
100
Things that connect the entitles and the centrioles to the chromosomes
Spindle fibers

Cells (1 decks)

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