cell organelles Flashcards
(36 cards)
what is the function of mitochondria?
site of Oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP
what are the 4 main components of mitochondria?
the inner and outer membranes, the matrix, and the inter-membranous space
what is the function of ribosomes?
- site of protein synthesis (translation)
- Link aa in order specified by mRNA
what is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
site of protein synthesis + lysosomal enzymes
what is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesis of lipids
delivers to Golgi apparatus
what is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
processes and modifies macromolecules synthesised in the ER
Cis Golgi - where, and function?
- near the nucleus
- receives smooth ER vesicles
- protein phosphorylation
medial Golgi - where, and function?
- in middle
- adds sugars to lipid & peptides to form complex oligosaccharides
Trans Golgi - where, and function?
- far from nucleus/close to membrane
- proteolysis of peptides, sorts molecules into vesicles
what is the structure of endoplasmic reticulum?
- Network of interconnected tubes and sacs extending from nucleus into cytosol
- Highly folded flattened membrane sheets
what is the structure of the golgi apparatus?
-Parallel stacks of membrane
what is the function of the cytoskeleton?
- filamentous proteins
- that proves structural support
what types of filamentous proteins make up the cytoskeleton?
- microfilaments eg. Actin
- intermediate filaments
- microtubules eg. Tubulin (not in RBCs)
what 4 components make up the nucleus?
- the double membrane nuclear envelope
- the nuclear pores
- the nucleolus
- the nucleoplasm
what is the function of the nucleus?
- Houses DNA in the form of chromatin (within the nucleolus)
- site of ribosomal RNA formation (i.e DNA transcription)
what is the function of a lysosome?
- Phagocytosis and turnover of cellular components ie. cell autolysis
- contains acid hydrolases for digestion and recycling
what is the function of a peroxisome?
- beta oxidation of FAs
- produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, which can be used to destroy pathogens AND peroxisomes can prevent its toxic effects on body
- removes H from xenobiotics
what is the function of vesicles?
- membrane bound
- transport and store
what and where is lipofuscin?
- yellow/brown ‘wear-and-tear’ pigment granules formed from peroxidation of lipids
- found in lysosomes
where are lipids found?
- in adipocytes (as triglycerides)
- in cell membranes
- in lipoproteins (as cholesterol)
what do lipids look like in histology?
empty spaces
where is glycogen found?
liver and muscles
What happens in the matrix of the mitochondria?
Site of Krebs cycle (atp)
Where happens in the intro-membranous space of the mitochondria?
ADP to ATP (nucleotide phosphorylation)
