Cell Organelles Flashcards
1
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- Jelly-like substance
- 70% water, 30% salts, sugars, and other substances
- All functions of the cells occur in the cytoplasm
- Holds everything inside the cell
2
Q
Cytoskeleton
A
- Made up of fibres: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate fibres
- Provide shape and support to cell
- Help in vacuole formation
- Hold some cell organelles in place
- Aid in cell signalling
3
Q
Cell membrane
A
- aka plasma membrane
- Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds cytoplasm of cell.
- Supports cell and helps maintain cell shape.
- Composed of proteins and lipids (phospholipids)
4
Q
Nucleus
A
- Brain of the cell
- Controls and regulates all functions
- Contains genetic information
5
Q
Ribosomes
A
- where protein is synthesized
- concentrated in Rough ER
- Converts RNA into protein
- mRNA carries protein throughout the cell
6
Q
Rough ER
A
- has ribosomes in it
- synthesizes proteins
- secretes proteins in the liver, hormones and other substances in the glands
- prominent in cells where protein synthesis happens
- series of connected, flattened sacs
7
Q
Smooth ER
A
- Tubular form
- involved in phospholipid production
- transports products of the rough ER to the other cell organelles, especially the golgi apparatus
- synthesis of essential lipids (cholesterol and phospholipids)
- metabolism of carbs
8
Q
Lysosomes
A
- suicide bags of the cell
- Autolysis - when the cell is damaged, they burst and release digestive enzymes which digest the cell and kill it.
- Responsible for digestion and removal of waste
9
Q
Mitochondria
A
- Powerhouse of the cell
- Membrane bound
- Generate majority of the chemical energy required for biochemical reactions
- Regulate metabolic activity
10
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
- Aids in processing and packaging of proteins and lipid molecules
- Especially proteins that are soon to be exported outside of the cell
- Receives proteins from ER and packages them into membrane bound vesicles
- Vesicles transport them to different destinations
- Transportation of lipids + lysosome formation
11
Q
Centrosome
A
- Contains two rings called centrioles
- Provide structure to cell
- Pull apart chromatids during cell division
