Cell Organelles Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the Nucleus?
-Stores genetic information (DNA) in chromosomes
-carries code “blue print” for cell structure and functions
- DNA found in chromatin (long and stringy)
Defined by the nuclear membrane double layer. ( DNA wraps around protein in the nucleus)
What is the Nucleolus (inside the nucleus)?
- Darker staining area of the nucleus
- Produces RNA used in manufacturing of proteins (for ribosomes)
What are Ribosomes?
-millions in a cell
- have no membrane
- part RNA and part protein
- found with ER or free-flowing
-manufactures proteins
Black dots in a cell are ribosomes
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?
-stacks of folded membrane with huge surface area for chemical reactions
-helps make and transport proteins and fats.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
-saucer shaped stacles of membrane
-Vesicles from the ER fuse with the Golgi.
- This is where the processing of macromolecules is finished.
-shipping and receiving like proteins and lipids
What are Lysosomes?
-Cell composters
-contains digestive enzymes
-composter not garbage bin
-breaks down macromolecules, bacteria, old organelles, etc
What are vacuoles?
-strong bubbles found in cells
-they are found in both plant and animal cells
-Stores: nutrients, waste, water, etc
-they are like sacs
What are peroxisomes?
-similar structure to lysosomes
-contains strong enzymes
- common in liver, kidney, and brain
- breaks down fatty acid chains and detoxify alcohol
What is the Mitochondria?
-All energy molecules in body(sugar, fat, protein) are converted to ATP by mitochondria
-Two membranes in mitochondria, the outer membrane separated chemical reactions from the rest of the cell. inner membrane is the site of ATP production
-Inner folds to increase surface area
- have own DNA and ribosomes
- can duplicate themselves
What are Centrioles?
Centrioles are tiny tube-like parts inside animal cells that help during cell division.
Spindle fibres:They make sure that chromosomes are split correctly when a cell divides.
What is cytoskeleton?
Organizes the organelles in cytoplasm
•Gives shape and allows for organelle movement
•Has three parts:
•1. protein that can contract
3. Microtubules – tracks for organelles to move along
What is Chloroplast (not in animal cells, we don’t have them)?
Chloroplasts are tiny parts in plant cells that help the plants make food using sunlight. They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar and
oxygen.
-makes own protein from carbon dioxide and water
What is the difference between animal cells, plant cells , and bacteria cells
Animal cells are flexible and don’t have a cell wall. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Bacteria cells are simple, have no nucleus, and have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan.
Who is Lynn Margulis?
Lynn Margulis proposed that bacteria without a nucleus merged or joined symbiotically
What are amino acids?
-building blocks on proteins
-you get them from food
