cell organelles

Question 1

what organelles are present in only animal cells?

Answer 1

centrosome
cilia
flagella

Question 2

what organelles are present in only plant cells?

Answer 2

cell wall
central vacuole
plastids (chloroplasts)

Question 3

cell membrane appearance

Answer 3

fluid-mosaic membrane

Question 4

cell membrane function

Answer 4

separates the cell interior from the outside world and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

Question 5

cytoplasm appearance

Answer 5

a gel like material consisting mostly of water and contains dissolved materials

Question 6

cytoplasm function

Answer 6

creates the chemical environment in which other cell structures work

Question 7

nucleus appearance

Answer 7

surrounded by a double membrane

Question 8

nucleus function

Answer 8

the command centre of the cell that contains the DNA blueprints for making proteins

Question 9

nuclear membrane appearance

Answer 9

double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 10

nuclear membrane function

Answer 10

protects the DNA from potential damage

Question 11

nuclear pores appearance

Answer 11

pores in the nuclear membrane

Question 12

nuclear pores function

Answer 12

large enough to allow micromolecules to enter and ribosomes to leave the nucleus

Question 13

nucleolus appearance

Answer 13

a specialized area inside the nucleus

Question 14

nucleolus function

Answer 14

responsible for producing ribosomes

Question 15

ribosome appearance

Answer 15

tiny two-part structures found throughout the cytoplasm

Question 16

ribosome function

Answer 16

helps put together proteins

Question 17

endoplasmic reticulum appearance

Answer 17

a system of flattened membrane-bound sacs and tubes continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope that has the 2 types of membrane:
rough ER: studded with ribosomes
smooth ER: no ribosomes

Question 18

endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 18

rough ER: synthesizes protein

smooth ER: synthesizes phospholipids and packages macromolecules in vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell

Question 19

mitochondrion appearance

Answer 19

powerhouse of the cell

Question 20

mitochondrion function

Answer 20

the powerhouse of the cell where organic molecules, usually carbohydrates, are broken down inside a double membrane to release energy and transfer it to ATP

Question 21

golgi apparatus (golgi body) appearance

Answer 21

a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs

Question 22

golgi apparatus (golgi body) function

Answer 22

receive vesicles from the ER, contain enzymes for modifying proteins and lipids, package finished products into vesicles for transport to the cell membrane (for excretion through exocytosis) and within the cell as lysosomes

Question 23

lysosome appareance

Answer 23

a membrane-bound vesicle filled with digestive enzymes

Question 24

lysosome function

Answer 24

can break down worn-out cell components or materials brought into the cell through endocytosis

Question 25

peroxisome appearance

Answer 25

a membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes

Question 26

peroxisome function

Answer 26

break down lipids and toxic waste products (ex. alcohol)

Question 27

vacuole appearance

Answer 27

a large membrane-bound, fluid-filled sac

Question 28

vacuole function

Answer 28

temporary storage of food, water, or waste products

Question 29

cytoskeleton appearance

Answer 29

a network of three kinds of interconnected fibres

Question 30

cytoskeleton function

Answer 30

maintain cell shape and allow for movement of cell parts: | actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 31

centrosome appearance

Answer 31

located near the nucleus

Question 32

centrosome function

Answer 32

organizes the cell's microtubules, contains a pair of centrioles, and helps to organize the even distribution of cell components when cells divide

Question 33

cilia appearance

Answer 33

hairlike structures extending from the cell membrane

Question 34

cilia function

Answer 34

beat in a coordinated rhythm to produce movement

Question 35

flagella (sing. flagellum) appearance

Answer 35

long, hairlike projections extending from the cell membrane

Question 36

flagella (sing. flagellum) function

Answer 36

propels the cell using a whiplike motion

Question 37

cell wall appearance

Answer 37

rigid structure surrounding cell membrane

Question 38

cell wall function

Answer 38

protects and supports the cell and allows materials to pass to and from the cell membrane through pores

Question 39

central vacuole appearance

Answer 39

very large membrane-bound, fluid-filled storage sac

Question 40

central vacuole function

Answer 40

gives added internal support to a plant cell and contains toxic molecules and storage molecules

Question 41

plastid (chloroplasts) appearance

Answer 41

stacked internal membrane sacs enclosed with a double membrane

Question 42

plastid (chloroplasts) function

Answer 42

can perform photosynthesis