Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histology > Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Cell Organelles Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Unicellular organisms that lack membrane bound nuclei or specialized organelles. They have no genetic diversity due to cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nucleoid

A

Location of DNA in the nucleus of a prokaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eukaryote

A

Multicellular organisms that contain specialized organelles and a nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 Domains of Life

A

Eubacteria, Archea, Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukarya

A

Animals, Fungi, Plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Archaea

A

Bacteria that was invaded by eubacteria to form a eukaryotic organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phospholipid molecules (cell membrane)

A

Head groups are polar and hydrophilic. Inside is non-polar and hydrophobic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Integral (transmembrane) proteins

A

pores and receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peripheral (extrinsic) membrane

A

accessory proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Saccharides (cell membrane)

A

attached glycolipids and glycoproteins (glycocalyx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Selectively permeable barrier that is a continuation of the ribonucleic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

Control what goes in and out of cell. Small molecules pass easily, but larger molecules need transport proteins to pass (chaperones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nucleolus

A

Site of RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pars fibrosa

A

Area in the nucleolus that consist of primary rRNA transcripts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pars granulosa

A

Area in the nucleolus where maturing ribosomal subunits accumulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pars amorpha

A

Nuclear organizer region of the nucleolus that consists of DNA sequences coding for rRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Heterochromatin

A

heavy stained DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Euchromatin

A

light stained DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA, Protein (histones, transcription factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Histones

A

Level of DNA packaging where DNA is bundled up in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nascent Protein

A

A protein before it folds into its active shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Free ribosomes

A

Synthesis for cytosolic and cytoskeletal proteins and proteins for import into the nucleus, mitochondria, and peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ribosomal components of the RER
Require further processing before incorporation into membranes.
26
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cleaves single peptides, protein folding, and attachment of oligosaccharides.
27
Smooth ER
Synthesizes phospholipids, fats, and steroids | Contains enzymes for detoxification
28
Proteosomes
Destroys proteins that can not be folded
29
Cystic Fibrosis
Example of protein misfolding
30
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, sorts, packages, and targets proteins to to organelles from there ER to the plasma membrane
31
Cis face
Forming face. Site of protein synthesis and phosphorylation of sugars and lysosomal proteins
32
Trans face
Maturing face. Site of protein sorting and distribution of lysosomes and secretory vesicles towards the plasma membrane.
33
Coat protein (COP) II
Promotes forward movement of vesicles
34
Coat protein (COP) I
Promotes retrograde movement of vesicles
35
KDEL receptor
Mediates the retrieval of misfolded proteins from the Golgi back to the ER
36
Lysosome
Contains an acidic environment that degrades debris from the cell.
37
Mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6P)
Sorted by the Golgi. Targets proteins to lysosomal vesicles.
38
Multi vesicular body
2 primary lysosomes fused together
39
Secondary lysosome
A phagocytic vesicle fused with a lysosome
40
Peroxisome
Produces hydrogen peroxide to break down harmful substances. Detoxifies alcohol and other harmful chemicals.
41
Peroxisomal enzyme
Perform B-oxidation of long chain fatty acids (first step of catabolism)
42
Mitochondria
Synthesize ATP during aerobic respiration and sequester excess cytoplasmic calcium. Formed from an symbiotic relationship with bacteria.
43
Lipofuscin
Membrane bound lipid contains residues of lysosomal digestion (tertiary lysosome)
44
Glycogen
Not membrane bound. Stores of glycogen are an energy source
45
Glycogenolysis
degrades glycogen into glucose
46
Lipids
Not membrane bound triglycerides (fat cells) in storage form
47
Microfilaments
Smallest unit of cytoskeleton responsible for structure and support. Ex/ actin
48
Actin
Responsible for intracellular movement and muscle contraction. Consist of globular monomers that assemble in the presence of K+ and Mg2+. They form a double helix.
49
Stress fibers
play a role in contractibility and motility of the entire cell and organelles within the cell
50
Terminal web
Structure that microvilli and stereocilia anchor into. Attached to the zona adherens
51
Filopodia
Active, motile finger-like projections of actin in migrating cells. They sense locomotion and cell-cell interactions.
52
Microtubules
Membrane structures that exist in individual fibers, cilia, or in centrioles. Heterodimer of a and B subunits
53
Axoneme
doublets of microtubules in the core of cilia (9+2 arrangement)
54
Centriole
triplets of microtubules that form centrosomes and basal bodies (nucleates the axoneme of cilia)
55
Mitotic organizing center (MTOC)
pairs of centrioles form this. They nucleate the mitotic spindle
56
Nuclear lamins
Intermediate filaments that make up that makes a mesh between the nuclear envelope and chromatin in the nucleus.
57
Vimentinlike proteins
Intermediate filament proteins that are located in muscle, neurons, glial cells.
58
Neuronal intermediate filaments
Neurons
59
Keratins
Intermediate filament that attaches with desmosomes (adhesion cells) to form a framework within the cytoplasm in the epidermis.
60
Zonula Occludens
Tight junctions. Prevent material from passing from the lumen to intercellular space of cells.
61
Zonula Adherens
Intermediate junctions. They anchor cells together and form a belt between cells.
62
Macula Adherens
Desmosomes, adhesion cells. They form “spot welds” for the attachment of cells to each other. They contain cadherin
63
Hemi-desmosome
Anchors the basal cytoplasm to the basal lamina. Contains integrin
64
Communicating Junctions
Gap junctions that mediate rapid communication between cells. They allow small molecules (Na, K, Cl) to pass through rapidly to mediate signal transduction for coordinated function.

Histology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions