Cell Organelles and Components

Question 1

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 1

Have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 2

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 2

Do not have a nucleus or organelles

Question 3

Nuclear envelope

Answer 3

-Has a double membrane
-Has nuclear pores to allow passage of molecules in and out

Question 4

Nucleoli

Answer 4

Where ribosomal assembly occurs

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Where respiration and energy production occur

Question 6

How do mitochondria replicate?

Answer 6

Binary fission

Question 7

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 7

Active site for electron transport chain and citric acid/Krebs cycle (matrix is the space within)

Question 8

Cristae

Answer 8

What the inner mitochondrial membrane invaginates as, increasing surface area of the membrane

Question 9

Endosymbiotic theory

Answer 9

Bacteria engulfed another cell and used it as an internal battery, leading to the birth of mitochondria

Question 10

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Answer 10

Separates the mitochondrial intermembrane space from the cytosol

Question 11

Where DNA replication can occur

Answer 11

Nucleus and mitochondria

Question 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

Net-like organelle that is continuous with the nuclear membrane; has a double membrane

Question 13

Cisternae

Answer 13

What the endoplasmic reticulum invaginates as to increase its surface area

Question 14

Rough ER

Answer 14

Contains ribosomes all over its surface

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Protein-RNA complexes that synthesize proteins

Question 16

Rough ER

Answer 16

Where proteins made by ribosomes are sent to be folded

Question 17

Chaperone proteins

Answer 17

Help the rough ER fold proteins

Question 18

Smooth ER

Answer 18

Important for lipid metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, and detoxification

Question 19

Exported out of the cell or embedded into a cell membrane

Answer 19

Where proteins made by membrane bound ribosomes are transported

Question 20

Intracellular proteins

Answer 20

Proteins synthesized by free ribosomes

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

Organelle that produces the phospholipid components of cell membranes and stores calcium for muscle contraction

Question 22

Vesicle

Answer 22

What synthesized proteins are packaged in to be sent to the golgi apparatus

Question 23

Golgi apparatus

Answer 23

Processes and packages proteins and lipid molecules, specifically proteins to be exported out of the cell

Question 24

Golgi apparatus cis face

Answer 24

Where GA receives protein-packed vesicles

Question 25

Golgi apparatus trans face

Answer 25

From where protein-filled mebrane bounds vesicles bud off to be sent elsewhere (typically plasma membrane to be sent out of the cell)

Question 26

Lysosomes

Answer 26

Garbage disposal system of the cell

Question 27

Endocytosis (lysosome related)

Answer 27

How extracellular stuff that needs to be broken down enters the cell - vesicle pinches off from cell membrane and fuses with a lysosome inside the cell

Question 28

Autophagy

Answer 28

Intracellular debris in the cytoplasm can become enclosed within a vesicle that then fuses with the lysosome for degradation

Question 29

Lysosomal enzymatic function pH

Answer 29

pH 4.5-5

Question 30

Peroxisome

Answer 30

Accumulates and neutralizes peroxides, protecting against oxidative stress

Question 31

Cytoskeleton components

Answer 31

1. Microfilaments 2. Microtubules 3. Intermediate Filaments

Question 32

Microfilaments (size, components, function)

Answer 32

-Smallest cytoskeleton components -Made of two strands of actin polymers -Important for cell motility -Contribute to formation of cleavage furrow during mitosis -Interact with the motor protein myosin for muscle contraction

Question 33

Actin monomeric and polymeric forms

Answer 33

G-actin and F-actin

Question 34

Microtubulin

Answer 34

-Wider than microfilaments -Polymers of alpha and beta tubulin dimers -Maintain structural integrity of the cell -Highways along which motor proteins traffic intracellular proteins using ATP

Question 35

Microtubulin (what they form)

Answer 35

Form mitotic spindles and flagella and cilia

Question 36

Microfilaments (what they form)

Answer 36

Form cleavage furrow during mitosis

Question 37

Kinesin

Answer 37

Anterograde movement motor protein (center of cell -> out)

Question 38

Dynein

Answer 38

Retrograde movement motor protein (outside of cell -> center)

Question 39

Capping proteins

Answer 39

Can prevent the growth or shrinkage of the polar ends of microfilaments and microtubules

Question 40

Intermediate filaments

Answer 40

-In between sizes of mt and mf -Provide structural support and are responsible for structural support and cell-to-cell adhesion

Question 41

Red blood cells

Answer 41

Only cell type that expels all organelles and DNA during maturation