Cell Organisation

Question 1

What are 2 types of cell?

Answer 1

• prokaryotes
  -eukaryotes

Question 2

What types of cells are prokaryotes?

Answer 2

• unicellular
• the organisms lack organised cell nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles

Question 3

Give 3 examples of prokaryotes?

Answer 3

-Archaea ( microorganism that live in cold dessert)
- bacteria ( microorganisms that live in normal condition)
- Cyanobacteria ( also known as as green blue alagae

Question 4

What types of cells are eukaryotes?

Answer 4

• multicellular
• have nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 5

List 3 examples of prokaryotes?

Answer 5

• animalia
• protist
  -fungi

Question 6

List 4 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 6

Prokaryotes
- cell wall is made up of muramic acid
- no nucleus
-chlorophyll is contained in chromatophore
- DNA lies in cytoplasm

Eukaryotes
- cell wall is made up of cellulose
-have membrane bound nucleus
- chlorophyll is converted in chloroplast
-DNA is found in nucleus

Question 7

What kingdoms fall under prokaryotes?

Answer 7

-Kingdom monera ( blue green alage)
- Kingdom of archaea ( methanogens)

Question 8

Kingdoms that fall under eukaryotes?

Answer 8

• kingdom plantae
  -kingdom animalia
  -kingdom fungi
  -kingdom protista

Question 9

2 features of plantae with example.

Answer 9

Features
-immotile
- autotrophs
-have cell walls and chloroplast
Eg
- mango tree
-sea weed

Question 10

List 2 features and example of animalia.

Answer 10

Features
- motile
-does not have cell wall and chloroplast
- heterotrophs

Eg
Cow ,dog

Question 11

List 2 features and example of protista.

Answer 11

Features
-motile
-has chloroplast

Eg
- amoeba , euglena , paramecium

Question 12

List 2 features and examples of fungi.

Answer 12

Features
- immotile
- lack chloroplast

Eg
- mushroom
- yeast

Question 13

Single circular chromosome + plasmid

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 13

Prokaryotes

Question 14

Transcription and translation occurs in a sequence

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 14

Eukaryotes

Question 15

Golgi apparatus present

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 15

Eukaryotes

Question 16

Mitochondria absent

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 16

Prokaryotes

Question 17

Many linear chromosomes?

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 17

Eukaryotes

Question 18

Endoplasmic reticulum absent

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 18

Prokaryotes

Question 19

Golgi apparatus absent

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 19

Prokaryotes

Question 20

Mitochondria present

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 20

Eukaryotes

Question 21

Endoplasmic reticulum present

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 21

Eukaryotes

Question 22

DNA replication in nucleus

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 22

Eukaryotes

Question 23

DNA replication undirectional

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 23

Prokaryotes

Question 24

Transcription and translation occurs simultaneously

Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 24

Prokaryotes

Question 25

DNA replication bidirectional Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 25

Eukaryotes

Question 26

DNA replication in cytoplasm Falls under (Prokaryotes or eukaryotes)

Answer 26

Prokaryotes

Question 28

What is embryonic development?

Answer 28

Is the changes that the embryo undergoes to become foetus

Question 29

What is embryogenesis?

Answer 29

Is the development of embryo

Question 30

What is the first stage of life? And how it is formed?

Answer 30

Zygote, formed by fusion of male and female gamete

Question 31

Where does first process occur and what is the process called?

Answer 31

The first division occurs in zygote to form embryo in a process called embryogenesis

Question 32

After how many week the embryo stage ends in human pregnancy?

Answer 32

8 weeks after which the foetus stage begins

Question 33

What forms in embryonic stage?

Answer 33

The organs

Question 34

What forms in foetus stage ?

Answer 34

Skeleton system

Question 35

List 3 processes involved in embryogenesis?

Answer 35

1. Cleavage 2. Blastulation 3. Gastrulation

Question 36

Briefly explain the process in cleavage?

Answer 36

Mitotic cell division of zygote where morula ( solid compact mass of 16 or more cells ) is formed Note : there is no cell growth

Question 37

Briefly the explain the process in Blastulation?

Answer 37

Is the process where morula changes to blastula

Question 38

What is blastula?

Answer 38

Is a hollow sphere of cells surrounding an inner fluid filled cavity called the blastocoel

Question 39

What is gastrulation?

Answer 39

Is where the cell movement causes massive reorganisation of the blastula to form multi layered structure called gastrula which is than differentiated into 3 germ layers , endoderm , mesoderm , ectoderm

Question 40

3 changes that cell experiences in gastrulation?

Answer 40

-change in cell shape -change in cell motility - change in adhesion

Question 41

What is blastopore?

Answer 41

Is created my gastrulation and it is the opening of archenteron

Question 42

What is archenteron?

Answer 42

Is the invagination of mesoderm and endoderm which later forms digestive tract ( gut)

Question 43

How does the mesoderm form?

Answer 43

Forms via differentiation of endodermal cell

Question 44

What happens during neurula stage in embryogenesis?

Answer 44

The ectoderm differentiates into neural tissue

Question 45

List 3 cells that are formed in endoderm layer?

Answer 45

- thyroid cell -lungs cell -digestive cells

Question 46

List 3 cells formed in mesoderm?

Answer 46

- red blood cell - smooth muscle cell - cardiac muscle cell -skeletal muscle cell

Question 47

List 3 cells formed in ectoderm?

Answer 47

-skin cells of epidermis -neuron on brain - pigment cells

Question 48

What is the difference between cleavage and mitosis?

Answer 48

Cleavage divides hollow ball into many cells and there is no cell growth whereas in mitosis ,cell differentiation is accompanied by cell growth