Cell Parts Flashcards
(20 cards)
cell membrane
a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface; acts as a berrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment.
organelle
one of the small bodies in a cell’s cytoplasm that are specialized to preform a specific function.
nucleus
in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
cytoplasm
the fluid inside a cell.
cell
the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
cell wall
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
Mitochondria / Mitochondrion
membrane-bound cell organelles
Chloroplast
a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Golgi complex
A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane.
Ribosome
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
Lysosome
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Vacuole
a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
Prokaryote
a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
Eukaryote
an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
Tissue
any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.
Organ
a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans.
Organ system
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an organism’s body.
Organism
an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Structure
the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.
