CELL PARTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS

Question 1

★ nucleus not distinct
★ nuclear membrane absent
★ ribosome: 70s
★ unicellular
★ no membrane-bound organelles
★ only one chromosome per cell
○ circular, no centromere

Answer 1

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 2

★ possess NUCLEUS
★ contain membrane-bound
organelles
★ chromosomes are linear, with
double-stranded DNA
○ HISTONES
■ for coiling and
replication of cells
■ forms compact
structure:
chromatin
★ ribosome: 80s
★ multicellular

Answer 2

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 3

★ possess NUCLEUS
★ contain membrane-bound
organelles
★ chromosomes are linear, with
double-stranded DNA
★ ribosome: 80s
★ multicellular

Answer 3

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 4

bacteria’s cell wall is made of ?

Answer 4

PEPTIDOGLYCAN

Question 5

plant’s cell wall is made of ?

Answer 5

CELLULOSE

Question 6

fungi’s cell wall is made of ?

Answer 6

CHITIN

Question 7

➔ cellulose and cell wall present
➔ vacuoles are usually large (for
mineral storage)
➔ PLASTIDS present
◆ chloroplast
◆ chromoplast
➔ centrioles absent

Answer 7

PLANT CELLS

Question 8

➔ CENTRIOLES present
◆ involved in cell division
➔ no cell wall
➔ small vacuoles

Answer 8

ANIMAL CELLS

Question 9

PRESENT IN ALL CELLS?

Answer 9

● plasma membrane
● ribosomes
● DNA
● cytoplasm

Question 10

➔ phospholipids
◆ HYDROPHILIC head
● glycerol + phosphate
◆ HYDROPHOBIC tail
➔ often described as fluid mosaic

Answer 10

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 11

CELL MEMBRANE often described as fluid mosaic, and is due to:

Answer 11

◆ TEMPERATURE
◆ PROTEINS
◆ CHOLESTEROL

Question 12

● when temperature is decreased, bonds are tightened, which
decreases fluidity

Answer 12

TEMPERATURE

Question 13

● tends to have spaces which create pores

Answer 13

PROTEINS

Question 14

● nonpolar component of the cell membrane
● LUBRICANT: prevents the phospholipids from packing too tightly

Answer 14

CHOLESTEROL

Question 15

prevents the phospholipids from
packing too tightly

Answer 15

LUBRICANT

Question 16

➔ medium for the cell
➔ CYTOSOL: fluid portion of the
cytoplasm

Answer 16

CYTOPLASM

Question 17

➔ nuclear envelope
◆ connected to the rough ER

Answer 17

NUCLEUS

Question 18

LAMINS
● for the creation of NE
● for chromatin (DNA + protein) association
● mutation here can cause PROGEROID syndrome

Answer 18

INNER NUCLEUS

Question 19

● close contact with ribosomes

Answer 19

OUTER NUCLEUS

Question 20

◆ passageway of molecules (e.g., DNA, mRNA, ribosomes)

Answer 20

nuclear pores

Question 21

◆ synthesis of ribosomes

Answer 21

nucleolus

Question 22

is a complex network of membranes within a cell, playing a vital role in various cellular processes. “HIGHWAY”

Answer 22

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

➔ protein synthesis
➔ with ribosomes attached to it

Answer 23

ROUGH ER

Question 24

➔ lipid synthesis
➔ storage site of calcium within the
cells
➔ Cytochrome P450 are highly
concentrated here
◆ an enzyme that detoxifies
xenobiotic (substances that are foreign to a living organism)

Answer 24

SMOOTH ER