Cell parts + functions

Question 1

Cytoplasmic inclusions

Answer 1

Cells use these compartments composed of phospholipids for storage of various molecules in their cytoplasm that can be accessed when they are needed by cells

Question 2

Exocytosis

Answer 2

Process by which cells expel bulk quantities of materials such as wastes from the cell; fusion with the plasma membrane leads to release of contents outside of cell

Question 3

Vesicles

Answer 3

Transports materials such as proteins and other substances within cells

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Jelly-like substance in the cell that contains all organelles and provides a medium for most cellular processes

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Organelle that houses a molecule that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

Closely stacked, flattened sacs containing chlorophyll (a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color); similar to mitochondria

Question 7

Lysosome

Answer 7

Compartment within cells that contain enzymes that digest excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Attaches to portions of the endoplasmic reticulum when bound to RNA molecules to mediate protein synthesis

Question 9

Nucleoplasm

Answer 9

Compartment of viscous liquid that surrounds the chromosomes and nucleoli; also contains nucleotides and many proteins

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

Modifies/packages proteins for transport out of the cell; synthesizes macromolecules

Question 11

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 11

Materials secreted externally to the cell that supports cells and tissues and participated in cell signalling

Question 12

Smooth ER

Answer 12

Produces lipids and serves for detoxification

Question 13

Nuclear Envelope Membrane

Answer 13

Composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers, contain transport proteins, and serves an important function to house and protect DNA

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Provides support for the cell via three types of protein fibers

Question 15

Chromatin

Answer 15

Collection of DNA and protein in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 16

Microtubules

Answer 16

Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell and serve as tracks for motor proteins to transport materials through the cell

Question 17

Cilia

Answer 17

Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things in many unicellular microorganisms

Question 18

Cell Membrane

Answer 18

Surrounds the cell separating it from the extracellular environment and surrounds most organelles

Question 19

Flagella

Answer 19

Long whip-like structures composed of proteins/motor proteins used for movement of cells

Question 20

Nuclear Lamina

Answer 20

Composed of protein filaments that aid in providing support to the nuclear structure

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

Produces a usable form of energy for the cell and modulates cell death mechanisms

Question 22

Plasma Membrane

Answer 22

A complex selectively permeable organelle that surrounds the cell aiding in structural support, cell communication, and transport of vital molecules into the cell

Question 23

Endocytosis

Answer 23

Process by which cells take in large quantities of materials from the extracellular surrounding; vesicle is formed on the interior and pinches off cell membrane

Question 24

Nucleolus

Answer 24

A non-membrane bound structure; responsible for production of ribosomes which are required for protein synthesis

Question 25

Gap Junctions

Answer 25

Forms channels across plasma membranes between cells to exchange materials and for cell communication