CELL PATHOLOGY

Question 1

WHAT IS PATHOLOGIC CHANGE

Answer 1

Structural changes in cells

Question 2

WHAT IS PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGE

Answer 2

FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN CELLS

Question 3

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF DISEASE

Answer 3

A CONDITION IN WHICH SOME FUNCTIONAL, BIOMECHANICAL, OR GENETIC ABNORMALITY OF THE BODY CAUSES A LOSS OF NORMAL HEALTH.

Question 4

WHAT ARE THE 4 ASPECTS OF DISEASE THAT PATHOLOGY FOCUSSES ON

Answer 4

AETIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
MORPHOLOGY
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

Question 5

WHAT CAUSES CELL PATHOLOGY

Answer 5

changes in the environment cause cells to become stressed which leads to a loss of homeostasis, causing the need for cells to adapt.

Question 6

T OR F? CELLULAR RESPONSE CAN OCCUR IN BOTH NORMAL AND ADVERSE CONDITIONS?

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS TO ADVERSE CONDITIONS ARE GENERALLY ONLY SUCCESSFUL FOR A ____ AMOUNT OF TIME

Answer 7

SHORT

Question 8

WHAT HAPPENS IF CELLULAR STRESS IS TO SEVERE OR LONG TERM?

Answer 8

IT WILL EVENTUALLY OVERWHELM THE ADAPTIVE PROCESSES AND CELLULAR INJURY/ DEATH WILL OCCUR

Question 9

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR INJURY

Answer 9

REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE

Question 10

CELLULAR AGEING CAUSES __________ AND __________ CHANGES THAT MAY LEAD TO CELL DEATH

Answer 10

STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL

Question 11

A CELLS STRESS RESPONSE DEPENDS ON?

Answer 11

TYPE
INTENSITY
DURATION

Question 12

HOW CAN THE EFFECT OF CELLULAR STRESS BE MEASURED

Answer 12

BY MEASURING AND OBSERVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TISSUE, ORGAN, OR ORGAN SYSTEM

Question 13

WHAT ARE THE 6 CASUES OF CELLULAR INJURY

Answer 13

HYPOXIA
CHEMICAL AGENTS 
NUTRIITONAL IMBALLANCES
PHYSICAL AGENTS 
INFECTION AGENTS 
GENETIC CAUSES

Question 14

WHAT IS HYPOXIA

Answer 14

LACK OF SUFFICIENT OXYEGN INTO THE CELL

Question 15

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CELL INJURY

Answer 15

HYPOXIA

Question 16

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CELL HYPOXIA

Answer 16

ISCHEMIA - RESTRICTION OF BLOOD FLOW

Question 17

WHAT IS CHEMICAL CELL INJURY

Answer 17

DIRECT CONTACT OF TOXIC CHEMICALS TO THE CELLULAR MEMBRANE OR ORGANELLES THAT DAMAGE IT

Question 18

WHAT IS A NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE

Answer 18

WHEN THERE IS A DEFICIENCY OR OVER SUPPLY OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS

Question 19

2 EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL AGENTS THAT CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY

Answer 19

PHARMACEUTICALS

AIR POLLUTANTS/ INSECTICIDES

Question 20

2 EXAMPLES OF NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES

Answer 20

PROTEIN DEFICIENCY

HYPERLIPADEMIA

Question 21

WHAT ARE SOME PHYSICAL AGENTS THAT CAUSE CELL INJURY

Answer 21

HYPOTHERMIC OR HYPERTHERMIC INJURY
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
UV
TRAUMA

Question 22

2 EXAMPLES OF CELL INJURIES CAUSED BY PHYSICAL AGENTS

Answer 22

SPRAINS AND STRAINS
BURNS
FROSTBITE

Question 23

WHAT DO INFECTIOUS AGENTS DO TO CELLS

Answer 23

CAN ENTER THE BODY AND CAUSE WIDESPREAD OR LOCAL DAMAGE

OR

MAY ENTER THE CELL AND RELEASE TOXINS THAT ARE HARMFUL TO THE CELL

Question 24

2 EXAMPLES OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS THAT CAN CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY

Answer 24

HIV

MENINGOCOCCAL

Question 25

HOW DO GENES CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY

Answer 25

CHANGES IN THE DNA OF A CELL CAN CAUSE CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND METABOLISM. MAKE THE CELL MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO OTHER INJURIES

Question 26

1 EXAMPLE OF GENETIC DAMAGE TO CELLS

Answer 26

CF

Question 27

WHAT ARE THE 5 CATEGORIES OF CELLULAR ADAPTATION

Answer 27

``` ATROPHY HYPERTROPHY HYPERPLASIA METAPLASIA DYSPLASIA ```

Question 28

WHAT IS CELLULAR ATROPHY

Answer 28

SHRINKING OF THE CELL

Question 29

WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSE OF CELLULAR ATROPHY

Answer 29

EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE THYMUS

Question 30

WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON OF CELLULAR ATROPHY

Answer 30

DECREASE IN MUSCLE USE (OR OTHER CELL USE), LESSENED WORKLOAD, OR LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY

Question 31

WHAT IS CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY

Answer 31

INCREASE IN CELL SIZE

Question 32

WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY

Answer 32

INCREASE IS CARDIC TISSUES DUE TO A FAULTY VALVE

Question 33

WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY

Answer 33

MAMMARY CELLS DURING PREGNANCY AND BREAST FEEDING

Question 34

WHAT IS CELLULAR HYPERPLASIA

Answer 34

INCREASE IN CELL NUMBERS, RESULTING FROM AN INCREASED RATE OF CELLULAR DIVISION

Question 35

WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR HYPERPLASIA

Answer 35

PROSTATE CELLS THROUGHOUT AGEING

Question 36

WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR HYPERPLASIA

Answer 36

COMPENSATORY - KIDNEY CELLS OF ONE KIDNEY AFTER THE REMOVAL OF THE OTHER HORMONAL - UTERINE CELLS DURING PREGNANCY

Question 37

WHAT IS CELLULAR METAPLASIA

Answer 37

REPLACEMENT OF ONE CELL TYPE WITH ANOTHER

Question 38

WHAT IS CELLULAR DYSPLASIA

Answer 38

ABNORMAL CHANGES IN SIZE, SHAPE, AND ORGANISIATION OF MATURE CELLS

Question 39

DYSPLASIA IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH ______ DEVELOPMENT

Answer 39

CANCER

Question 40

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY

Answer 40

APOPTOSIS | NECROSIS

Question 41

WHAT IS APOPTOSIS

Answer 41

AND ACTIVE PROCESS OF PROGRAMMED SELF DESTRUCTION

Question 42

APOPTOSIS ____ ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION

Answer 42

ISNT

Question 43

WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR APOPTOSIS

Answer 43

BONE GRWOTH FOLLOWING A FRACTURE

Question 44

WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR APOPTOSIS

Answer 44

A RESULT OF INTRACELLULAR EVENTS FOLLOWING A STIMULUS FROM ABNORMAL CELLS SUCH AS HEP C INFECTED LIVER CELLS

Question 45

WHAT IS NECROSIS

Answer 45

PREMATURE DEATH OF CELLS AND LIVING TISSUES

Question 46

NECROSIS IS A PROCESS FO SELF DIGESTION CALLED _______

Answer 46

AUTOLYSIS

Question 47

NECROSIS ___ A RESULT OF INFLAMMATION

Answer 47

IS

Question 48

WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF NECROSIS

Answer 48

COAGULATIVE LIQUEFACTIVE CASEOUS FATTY

Question 49

COAGULATIVE NECROSIS OCCURS IN

Answer 49

TISSUES OTHER THAN THE BRAIN

Question 50

LIQUFACTIVE NECROSIS OCCURS IN

Answer 50

BRAIN TISSUE

Question 51

CASEOUS NECROSIS OCCURS IN

Answer 51

LUNG TISSUE

Question 52

FATTY NECROSIS OCCURS IN

Answer 52

PANCREATIC AND OTEHR ABDOMINAL TISSUES