Cell reactions Flashcards
(26 cards)
How one’s cells react to trauma, disease, the environment, genetics, or any predisposing factors
Cellular reactions
Intracellular deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease of injury
-Cellular swelling
-Fatty degeneration
-Amyloid disease
Degeneration
An acute reversible change resulting as a response to nonlethal injuries
-An intracytoplasmic accumulation of water due to incapacity of the cells to maintain the ionic and fluid homeostasis
-Degeneration occurs when they take on too much water and rupture
Cellular swelling
Degeneration
Accumulation of fat globules within the cells of a bodily organ, such as liver or heart, resulting in deterioration of tissue and diminished functioning of the affected organ
-Also called steatosis
Fatty degeneration
Degeneration
An abnormal protein that is produced in your bone marrow and can be deposited in any tissue or organ
Amyloidosis
Degeneration
Intracellular passage and accumulation of substance into cells, tissues, or organs
-Pigmentation
-Calcification
-Gout
Infiltration
Generated within the body
-Freckles (melanin)
-Jaundice (bilirubin)
Endogenous pigmentation
Infiltration
Deposited from outside the body
-Keratinemia: too many carrots, skin gets orange color
-Pneumoconiosis: inhaled and deposited into the lung (black lung)
-Tattoo
Exogenous pigmentation
Infiltration
Abnormal deposition of calcium salts, together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other mineral salts
Calcification
Infiltration
A form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the bloodstream.
-Symptoms are due to uric acid crystals in the joints and the body’s response to them
Gout
Infiltration
Pathological death of cells, tissues, or organs while still a part of the living organism.
-An infarct or lack of blood due to a closed blood vessel can cause the tissue death
-Gangrene is caused when bacteria enters this dead tissue
-Moist
-Dry
-Gas
-Caseous
Necrosis
Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage accompanies by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria
Moist necrosis
A necrotic tissue due to a reduction in arterial blood supply to a body part that remains aseptic
Dry necrosis or Ischemic necrosis
The formation of air bubbles in the tissue
-Usually occurs at the site of trauma or recent surgical wound. Can occur without; people with blood vessel disease, diabetes, or colon cancer are at high risk
Gas necrosis
Appears as a cheese like mass resulting from tissue destruction
-A collection of dead cells
Caseous necrosis
A wasting, a decrease in the size of an organ or tissue
-Physiological
-Pathological
Atrophy
General physiological process of reabsorption and breakdown of tissues, involving apoptosis
Physiological atrophy
The death of cells which occurs as a. normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development
Apoptosis
Atrophy
When atrophy occurs as a result of disease or loss of trophic support due to other diseases
Pathological atrophy
The enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of cells composing it
-Compensatory
-Pathological
Physiological
Hypertrophy
Demonstrated when on kidney fails or was missing at birth, the other will enlarge to help meet the needs of the body
Compensatory hypertrophy
Most often associated with a myocardial infarction or a heart attack or disease
Pathological hypertrophy
Characterized by a normal organization or cardiac structure and normal or enhanced cardiac function
-Sports training
Physiological hypertrophy
The increased size of an organ or tissue due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of cells composing it
-Enlargement of mammary glands during pregnancy
-Enlargement of the prostate gland
Hyperplasia
