CELL REPLICATION – AN ASEXUAL PROCESS Flashcards
Name three reasons for cell replication
Cell replication occurs for growth, tissue repair, and reproduction in organisms.
Describe when eukaryotic cells divide and name the products of cell division
Eukaryotic cells divide during mitosis for growth and repair, producing two genetically identical daughter cells, or during meiosis for reproduction, producing four genetically diverse gametes.
Explain how binary fission occurs
Binary fission occurs when a prokaryotic cell duplicates its DNA, then splits into two identical daughter cells by a process of elongation and division of the cell membrane.
Name the three stages of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
The three stages of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells are interphase (growth and DNA replication), mitosis (cell division), and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm).
Distinguish between binary fission and the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
Binary fission is a simpler process of cell division in prokaryotes that results in two identical cells, while the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells involves interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.
Identify the phase of the cell cycle when DNA replication occurs
DNA replication occurs during the S phase (Synthesis phase) of interphase in the cell cycle.
Name and describe what occurs during each of the 4 stages of mitosis
The four stages of mitosis are:
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane begins to break down, and spindle fibers form.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator, attached to spindle fibres.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Nuclear membranes re-form around the separated chromatids, and the cell begins to divide.
Describe what occurs during cytokinesis
During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides, and a cleavage furrow (in animal cells) or a cell plate (in plant cells) forms, resulting in two distinct daughter cells.
