Cell Reproduction & Cancer Flashcards
(26 cards)
Is cancer curable
Some forms of cancer are curable, many lifestyle choices can reduce its likelihood
What causes cancer
Multiple mutations of the DNA that results in loss of control of the cell cycle and cancerous behavior of the cells
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Malignant: invade normal tissues
Benign: does not invade normal tissues
Cell theory
- All organisms on Earth are either individual cells or are made up of collections of interacting cells.
- The structural and functional unit of all life on Earth is the cell
- All cells come from other pre-existing cells
Cells that have a nucleus and their DNA arranged into multiple chromosomes
Eukaryotic
Cells that lack a nucleus and have a single circular loop of DNA
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic: have nucleus, multiple chromosomes
Prokaryotic: lack nucleus, single circular loop of DNA
What are the outcomes of normal cell division?
Growth, repair, reproduction, development
What are the genetic relation between parents and offspring when reproduction is asexual
In most cases they are clones.
What are the basic components of all DNA molecules?
Deoxyribose sugar, nucleotide bases, phosphate
Component code for cell structure
Nucleotide bases, adenine, thymine, guanine,cytosine
What is the structural relationship between chromosomes and DNA
The functional portion of the chromosome is DNA
What is cancer?
Out of control cell growth, that forms into a malignant tumor
What are chromatids and centromeres
The structure that holds the sister chromatids together at one location
Define interphase, mitosis,cytokines
Interphase: growth of cell
Mitosis: division of the replicated chromosome
Cytokines: division of the rest of the cell
What happens during each of the 3 sub-phases of interphase
G1: growth of cell
S: replication of all of the DNA- 1c chromosomes become 2c
G2: additional growth and prep for mitosis
What is the bottom line outcome of mitosis
2 genetically identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
At which point in mitosis do the the chromosomes condense, why do they condense, and replicated in S-subphase of interphase
Condense in prophase: needed for migration without fragmentation, replicated in S-sub phase of interphase
At what stage do chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell: necessary?
Metaphase: for orderly migration without fragmentation
What stage in mitosis do sister chromatids separate
Anaphase
How is cytokines different from mitosis
It cuts the cell in half, mitosis replicates
Why is biopsy necessary to finally diagnose many kinds of cancer
Inspection of the cells is the best way to know jif it is a cancer and what kind it is
What are the current conventional means of treating cancer
Surgical removal, radiation, chemotherapy
Why are there multiple means of treatment for cancer almost always used
Not all cells in every tumor are the same some can be resistant to treatment
