Cell respiration and ATP Flashcards
(19 cards)
autotrophs
organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food are autotrophs
heterotrophs
organisms that cannot use the suns energy to make food are heterotrophs
What is ATP?
Cells usable source of energy is called ATP
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.
ATP has a high amount of ENERGY stored in
the last phosphate bond.
what is the purpose of cellular respiration
cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell and converted to ATP to be used for life processes like movement and breathing
aerobic respriation
Occurs in the cytosol & mitochondria of the cell
Total of 30 or 32 ATP molecules produced from each
glucose molecule.
requires oxygen
aerobic respiration word equation
glucose+oxygen - ATP 30-32 + carbon dioxide + water
anaerobic respiration
occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell
also called fermentation (alcoholic and lactic acid)
Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration word equation
glucose - alcohol+carbon dioxide+ ATP
energy efficiency of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration is much more efficient then anaerboic respiration
the structure of the mitochondrion
- Smoother outer membrane
- folded inner membrane
- folds called cristae
- liquid between the cristae is called the matrix
three stages of aerobic cellular respiration
glycolysis
the krebs cycle
the electron transport chain
- Glycolysis
starts outside the mitochondria in the cytosol where glucose is split into two molecules 2ATP and NADH generated. ( NADH carries H+ ions )
- krebs cycle
- occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix
- 2 ATP is generated
Pyruvate is broken down in a series of reactions
- Electron transport chain
occurs on the cristae of mitochondria
- uses O2 to produce water
- Release the H+ ions
- 26-28 ATP
inputs and outputs of glycolysis
inputs - glucose
outputs - ATP, Pyruvate, NADH
inputs and outputs of kreb cycle
input - pyruvate
outputs - 2ATP, CO2, NADH
inputs and outputs of electron transport chain
inputs: o2
outputs: H20 and ATP
Explain why anaerobic respiration does not make as much ATP as aerobic respiration.
Without oxygen, the body can’t fully break down glucose.
This means the glucose is only partly used, so less ATP (energy) is made.
Anaerobic respiration makes only 2 ATP from one glucose.
factors that control the rate of cellular respiration
temp
glucose availability
oxygen concentration
