cell size structure and function Flashcards
(23 cards)
what are the two types of cells
prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell
what is a prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
without a nucleus or membrane bound structures
eg: bacteria
what is a eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
a cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane bound structures
what are cells
cells are the basic structural and functional units of life, and all living organisms are built of one or more cells.
how big are cells
cells are microscopic
do all cells have a fixed shape
not all cells have a fixed shape, some cells are able to move actively. these self propelled cells do not have fixed shapes because their outer boundary is their flexible plasma membrane
what are some examples of cells capable of active self propelled movement
cancer cells that migrate into capillaries and move around the body when a malignant tumour undergoes metastasis
white blood cells that can squeeze from capillaries into the surrounding tissues where they travel to attack infections
what does plant cells and animals cells have in common
Nucleus Nucleolus DNA Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Golgi Complex - (Apparatus, Bodies) Vesicles (Different types)
what doe plant cells have that animals don’t
Cell Walls
Chloroplasts
Large Vacuole
function of the nucleus
Most visible organelle in a cell.
Control centre for the cell.
Stores the DNA that has all the “instructions” for the cell to function correctly.
function of the nucleolus
The Nucleolus is a dark spot in the nucleus. It stores the materials that are used to make ribosomes.
function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules and flattened sacs that transport materials within cells.
function of the ROUGH ER
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum prepares proteins to be transported within cell.
function of the SMOOTH ER
The smooth ER has a wide range of functions including carbohydrate and lipid synthesis. In liver cells the smooth ER produces enzymes that help to detoxify certain compounds.
In muscles the smooth ER assists in the contraction of muscle cells, and in brain cells it synthesizes male and female hormones
function of the Mitochondria
Organelle surrounded by two membranes.
Breaks down food molecules to make energy for the cell
Has its own DNA, separate from the nucleus and it is passed from the mother to her offspring, RNA.
function of the cell membrane
Covers the surface of a cell.
Acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cells’ environment.
Some materials can pass through the cell membrane.
function of the cytoplasm
The fluid inside of a cell that surrounds the organelles is the cytosol.
Everything inside the cell except the nucleus is the cytoplasm
function of the ribosomes
Small organelles that can be attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum or ‘floating’ in the cytoplasm.
Where proteins are made from amino acids.
function of the Golgi complex
Modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell.
function of vesicles
Membrane-covered compartment in a cell.
Forms when the part of the cell membrane surrounds a cell and pinches off.
function of lysomes
Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign materials.
function of plants chloroplast
Found in plant and algae cells
Where photosynthesis takes place (turning the sun’s energy into sugar for the plant.)
function of plant large vacuole
Most plants have a large, membrane-covered chamber called a vacuole.
Store water and other liquids
Full vacuoles help to support the plant; plants wilt when the vacuole is not full.
