Cell Structure

Question 1

function of the cell surface membrane

Answer 1

• Controls passage of entry of
substance into the cell
• Site of cell communication
via receptors

Question 2

function of the nucleus

Answer 2

• Stores DNA
• Nuclear pores allow mRNA
& ribosomes to pass through

Question 3

function of mitochondria

Answer 3

• Carry out aerobic respiration

to produce ATP

Question 4

function of a lysosome

Answer 4

• Contains digestive enzymes
to break down pathogens,
old organelles, cells & food
molecules

Question 5

function of ribosomes

Answer 5

• Site of protein synthesis

Question 6

function of the RER

Answer 6

• Provide a large surface area

for protein synthesis

Question 7

function of the SER

Answer 7

• Synthesise, store and
transport lipids and
carbohydrates.

Question 8

function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 8

• Modifies proteins
• Sort, package, and transport
molecules around the cell

Question 9

function of chloroplasts

Answer 9

• Site of

photosynthesis

Question 10

function of vacuole

Answer 10

• Maintains cell
structure
• Act as a temporary energy store

Question 11

function of cell wall

Answer 11

• Provides
support &
mechanical
strength

Question 12

nucleus in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 12

present

Question 13

nucleus in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 13

absent

Question 14

dna in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 14

linear and packaged into chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 15

dna in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 15

circular and freely floating in the cytoplasm

Question 16

cell membrane in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

present

Question 17

cell membrane in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 17

present

Question 18

ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 18

present

Question 19

ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 19

present

Question 20

does a eukaryotic cell have membrane bound organelles?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

does a prokaryotic cell have membrane bound organelles?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

does a eukaryotic cell have a cell wall

Answer 22

sometimes ( in plants its cellulose or chitin )

Question 23

does a prokaryotic cell have a cell wall

Answer 23

yes ( peptidoglycan )

Question 24

are there any chloroplasts in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 24

sometimes

Question 25

are there any chloroplasts in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 25

no

Question 26

does a eukaryotic cell have a flagellum

Answer 26

no

Question 27

does a prokaryotic cell have a flagellum

Answer 27

sometimes

Question 28

how do bacteria replicate?

Answer 28

binary fission

Question 29

structure of nucleus

Answer 29

Double nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Nucleolus Chromatin

Question 30

Structure of RER

Answer 30

Stacks of membrane bound (fluid filled) sacs which form sheets called cisternae Attached to the nucleus, and covered in ribosomes

Question 31

Structure of SER

Answer 31

Similar to RER but lacks ribosomes | Is a system of interconnected tubules

Question 32

structure of golgi

Answer 32

Stacks of flattened, membrane bound sacs (cisternae) | These are continually formed from the ER at one end and budding off as Golgi vesicles at the other.

Question 33

structure of ribosomes

Answer 33

A 2 subunit organelle Made from RNA and protein Not membrane bound Very small organelles, about 22nm in diameter Found free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough ER

Question 34

mitochondria structure

Answer 34

Oval shape Surrounded by two membranes (double membrane) The inner membrane forms finger-like structure called Cristae which increases the surface area The solution inside is called a matrix which contains enzymes for respiration Mitochondrial DNA - small amounts of DNA, enable mitochondrion to reproduce and create enzymes

Question 35

lysosome structure

Answer 35

They are spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane

Question 36

cillia structure

Answer 36

‘Hair like’ extensions that protrude from some animal cell types In cross section they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules inside with two microtubules in the middle Known as a 9+2 arrangement Arrangement allows movement

Question 37

centrioles structure

Answer 37

A component of the cytoskeleton, composed of many microtubules. Small hollow cycling era that occur in pairs next to the nucleus in animal cells only. Each centriole contains a ring of 9 microtubules

Question 38

plasma membrane structure

Answer 38

The membrane found on the surface of animal cells and inside the cell wall of plant and prokaryotic cells. A phospholipid bilayer Composed of proteins and lipids

Question 39

cytoskeleton structure

Answer 39

Microfilaments Microtubules Intermediate fibres

Question 40

flagella structure

Answer 40

Similar to cilia but longer They protrude from cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane Like cilia they have a 9+2 arrangement

Question 41

chloroplast structure

Answer 41

Double membrane which encloses the stroma Stroma contains:starch gains, lipid stores, DNA, RNA, ribosomes. Series of membrane-bound flattened sacs called thylakoids in the stroma. Thylakoids stacked together are called grana. Grana are linked together by lamellae Grana contains chlorophyll

Question 42

cell wall structure

Answer 42

Made of b-cellulose microfibrils - complex carbohydrate Cell wall is fully permeable to substances Thin layer called the middle lamella which marks the boundary between adjacent cell walls and ‘cements) adjacent cells together.

Question 43

nucleolus function

Answer 43

makes ribosomes

Question 44

nuclear envelope function

Answer 44

protective double layer with pores

Question 45

cillia function

Answer 45

``` Sensory function (eg nose) , beat creating a current to move fluid/mucous/objects For locomotion ```

Question 46

centrioles function

Answer 46

Makes a copy of itself during cell division and then helps to form the spindle in cell division

Question 47

microfilaments function

Answer 47

Fibres made from the protein actin. They are responsible for movement of the cell and cytoplasm during cytokinesis

Question 48

microtubules function

Answer 48

Formed by the globular protein tubulin. They polymerise to form tubes that determine the shape of the cell. They also act as tracks for organelles moving around the cell

Question 49

flagella function

Answer 49

(Whip like) enables a cells mobility The microtubules contract to make the flagellum move Propel cells formed e.g sperm cells