Cell Structure

Question 1

Prokaryotes are subdivided into two. What are these two groups?

Answer 1

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

Question 2

Has unique DNA sequence, different membrane lipids, and lacks peptidoglycan,

Answer 2

Archaebacteria

Question 3

Has cell wall, and considered as larger group.

Answer 3

Eubacteria

Question 4

BACTERIAL SHAPE: Cocci

Answer 4

Spheres

Question 5

Bacilli

Answer 5

rod

Question 6

Spirochetes

Answer 6

Spirals

Question 7

Diplococci

Answer 7

pairs

Question 8

Streptococci

Answer 8

chains

Question 9

Staphylococci

Answer 9

clusters

Question 10

Eight-membered cocci formation

Answer 10

sarcina

Question 11

Can be seen on the surface of prokaryotes

Answer 11

Appendages

Question 12

Used for locomotion

Answer 12

flagella and pili

Question 13

Known as organ of motility

Answer 13

flagella

Question 14

3 parts of flagells

Answer 14

basal body, hook, and filament

Question 15

One flagella visible only on one side

Answer 15

Monotrichous

Question 16

Multiple flagella at the same side

Answer 16

Lophotrichous

Question 17

Single flagellum located at both ends

Answer 17

Amphitrichous

Question 18

Has uniform number of flagella distributed over the body

Answer 18

Peritrichous

Question 19

Flagellar function

Answer 19

Chemotaxis, Phototaxis

Question 20

Enables the bacteria to bind/ attach to specific receptor structures and thereby to colonise specific surfaces.

Answer 20

Fimbriae

Question 21

Virulence factors that allow bacteria to attach to host cells.

Answer 21

adhesins

Question 22

Short, hair-like structures on the cell surface of prokaryotic cells. They can have a role in movement, but are more often involved in adherence to surfaces, which facilitates infection, and is a key virulence characteristic.

Answer 22

pili

Question 23

Adherence of symbiotic or pathogenic bacteria to host cells

Answer 23

Ordinary pili

Question 24

Attachment of donor and recipient cells in bacterial conjugation

Answer 24

Sex pili

Question 25

Comprises the inner cell membrane and the cell wall of a bacterium

Answer 25

Cell envelope

Question 26

Considered as an extracellular polymer because it is made up of polysaccharide. It also serves as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens into the cell.

Answer 26

Glycocalyx

Question 27

Loosely associated with the bacterium and can be easily washed off

Answer 27

Capsule

Question 28

Attached tightly to the bacterium and has definite boundaries

Answer 28

Slimy layer

Question 29

Allows bacteria to adhere to host cells or other environmental surfaces and to maintain shape and envelope rigidity

Answer 29

S-layer

Question 30

Has high osmotic protection, composed of peptidoglycan, and determines the shape of the cell.

Answer 30

Cell wall

Question 31

Gram-negative bacteria have walls with ___ layers of peptidoglycan (10% of wall), and high lipid content. These stain pink.

Answer 31

thin

Question 32

Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. Consists of a lipid bilayer that is semi-permeable.

Answer 32

Cell membrane (Cytoplasmic membrane)

Question 33

Transport nutrients into the cell and also transport toxic substances out of the cell.

Answer 33

Cell membrane

Question 34

Gel-like fluid inside the cell.

Answer 34

Cytoplasm

Question 35

Building blocks for cell synthesis or as sources of energy. It has the cell's water and nutrients.

Answer 35

Cell pool

Question 36

Sites of protein synthesis

Answer 36

Ribosomes

Question 37

Reservoir of structural building blocks

Answer 37

inclusions, granules

Question 38

An irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material.

Answer 38

Nucleoid

Question 39

The sources of genetic information where it appears to be granular or fibrous

Answer 39

bacterial chromosome

Question 40

A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms. They are physically separate from chromosomal DNA and replicate independently.

Answer 40

Plasmids

Question 41

Protective trait of plasmids

Answer 41

Drug resistance and profuction of toxins and enzymes

Question 42

Responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.

Answer 42

Cytoplasm

Question 43

The environment of the organelles and the location of many important biochemical processes

Answer 43

Cytoplasmi matrix

Question 44

Responsible for the movements and cell structure. Also forms the cytoskeleton.

Answer 44

Microfilaments

Question 45

Network of tubules and cisternae. It also transport materials, protein, and lipid synthesis.

Answer 45

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 46

Packages materials and prepares them for secretion, the exact nature of its role varying with the organism.

Answer 46

Golgi apparatus

Question 47

Intracellular digestion

Answer 47

Lysosomes

Question 48

Energy production through metabollic pathways

Answer 48

Mitochondira

Question 49

Photosythesis

Answer 49

Chloroplast

Question 50

Contains the double helix genetic material (DNA)

Answer 50

Nucleus

Question 51

Ribosomal RNA synthesis, ribosome construction

Answer 51

Nucleolus

Question 52

Strengthen and give shape to the cell

Answer 52

Cell wall and pellicle