cell structure

Question 1

organelle

Answer 1

a functionally and structurally distinct part of the cell

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

a relatively large organelle found in eukaryotic cells and absent in prokaryotic cells. it contains the cells DNA and therefor controls activities that happen in the cell.

Question 3

cells surface membrane

Answer 3

a very thin membrane surrounding all cells. its partially permeable and dictates what goes in and out of the cell. its roughly 7 nano meters in diameter.

Question 4

chromatin

Answer 4

the material of which chromosomes are made, consisting of DNA, proteins and small amounts of RNA.

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. a structure made of tightly coiled chromatin.visible during cell division.

Question 6

nucleolus

Answer 6

a smalls structure found in bundles in the nucleus. it manufactures ribosomes using the information of its own DNA

Question 7

protoplasm

Answer 7

all living material inside a cell

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

the contents of a cell excluding the nucleus

Question 9

mitochondrion

Answer 9

the organelle in eukaryotes in which aerobic respiration takes place

Question 10

cell wall

Answer 10

a wall that surrounds plant and fungal cells that protects them from mechanical damage. it further prevent cell from bursting from osmosis if the cell is in a area with a higher water potential

Question 11

plasmodesma

Answer 11

pore likes structures found in cell walls. when neighbouring cells line up the plasmodesmata from a tube that transports materials from one cell to another.

Question 12

vacuole

Answer 12

an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. it has a variety of functions such as the storage of salts sugars and waste products

Question 13

tonoplast

Answer 13

a partially permeable membrane that surrounds plat vacuoles

Question 14

chloroplast

Answer 14

an organelle bounded by an envelope (two membranes ) in which photosynthesis takes place in eukaryotic cells.

Question 15

grana

Answer 15

stacks of membranes found in chloroplasts

Question 16

microvilli

Answer 16

small finger like area that stick out of a cell that increase the surface area of said cell allowing for better absorption.

Question 17

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 17

a network of flattened sacks running through the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. molecules (particularly proteins) can be transported through the cells in sacs separate from the rest of the cytoplasm

Question 18

ribosome

Answer 18

tiny organelles found I large clumps. prokaryotic ribosomes are about 20 nm in diameter whereas eukaryotic ones are about 25 nm in diameter

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

found in eukaryotic cells. consist of a stack of flattened sacs constantly forming on one end and breaking off into Golgi vesicles on the other end

Question 20

Golgi vesicles

Answer 20

carry their contents to other parts of the cell. often to the cell surface membrane for secretion

Question 21

lysosome

Answer 21

a spherical organelle found in eukaryotic cells. it contains digestive enzymes and has a variety of destructive functions such as removal of old organelles.

Question 22

cristae

Answer 22

folds of inner membrane of the mitochondrial envelope on which stacked particles of ATP are synthesised