Cell structure

Question 1

What are animal cells called

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells

Question 2

What are Eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

they have a nucleus and other structures which are surrounded by membranes.

Question 3

What are the different parts of the animal cell

Answer 3

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria, cell membrane

Question 4

What part of an animal cell can be seen under an electron microscope

Answer 4

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria, cell membrane

Question 5

What is part of an animal cell is visible under a light micro scope

Answer 5

Cytoplasm, the nucleus, mitochondria but not seen in detail, cell membrane

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.

Question 8

Cell membrane

Answer 8

It is a semi-permeable membrane. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Organelles that contains the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Question 11

What are plant cells called

Answer 11

They are eukaryotic

Question 12

What are the different parts of a plant cell

Answer 12

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, vacuole, mitrocondria, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast

Question 13

What part of a plant cell can be seen under an electron microscope

Answer 13

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, vacuole, mitrocondria, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast

Question 14

What parts of a plant cell can be seen under a light microscope

Answer 14

cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, cell membrane, cell wall. Chloroplast

Question 15

What parts of animal and plant cells are the same

Answer 15

the nucleus, cell membrane,mitochondria and ribosomes.

Question 16

Chloroplast

Answer 16

absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.

Question 17

Cell wall

Answer 17

Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose.

Question 18

Permanent vacuole

Answer 18

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen.

Question 19

What are Bacterial cells called

Answer 19

prokaryotic cells

Question 20

What are prokaryotic cells

Answer 20

They are cells with no nucleus or membranes

Question 21

What can you see under a light microscope

Answer 21

If the bacterial cell is larger than about 500 nm (0.5 μm) wide then you can see Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA, cell wall, cel membrane, flagellum(not always present)

Question 22

What can you see under an electron microscope.

Answer 22

Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA, cell wall, cel membrane, fla

Question 23

What parts of animal, bacterial and plant cells are the same.

Answer 23

They all have cytoplasm and cell membrane

Question 24

Chromosomal DNA

Answer 24

The DNA of bacterial cells is found loose in the cytoplasm. It is called chromosomal DNA and is not contained within a nucleus.

Question 25

Plasmid DNA

Answer 25

Bacteria also have small, closed-circles of DNA called plasmids present in their cytoplasm. Unlike the chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA can move from one bacterium to another giving variation.

Question 26

Flagella

Answer 26

Bacteria can have one or more flagella (singular: flagellum). These can rotate or move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium.

Question 27

How do bacteria cells multiply

Answer 27

Their cells do not divide by mitosis. Instead they copy themselves by binary fission.

Question 28

What size are Eukaryotic cells (plants and animals)

Answer 28

Most are 5 μm – 100 μm

Question 29

What size are prokaryotic cells (bacterial cells)

Answer 29

Most are 0.2 μm – 2.0 μm

Question 30

What are the features of the outer cell in Eukaryotic cells (plants and animal cells)

Answer 30

Cell membrane. Surrounded by cell wall in plants and fungi

Question 31

What are the features of the outer cell in prokaryotic cells (bacterial cells)

Answer 31

Cell membrane. Surrounded by cell wall

Question 32

What are the features of the iner cell in eukaryotic cells (plants and animal cells)

Answer 32

Cytoplasm. Cell organelles include mitochondria, chloroplasts in plants and ribosomes.

Question 33

What are the features of the inner cell in prokaryotic cells (bacterial cells)

Answer 33

Cytoplasm. Ribosomes present. There are no mitochondria or chloroplasts.

Question 34

What genetic material is in Eukaryotic cells( plants and animal cells)

Answer 34

DNA in a nucleus. Plasmids are found in a few simple eukaryotic organisms.

Question 35

What genetic material is in Eukaryotic cells( plants and animal cells)

Answer 35

DNA in a nucleus. Plasmids are found in a few simple eukaryotic organisms.

Question 36

What genetic material is in Prokaryotic cells( bacterial cells)

Answer 36

DNA is a single molecule, found free in the cytoplasm. Additional DNA is found on one or more rings called plasmids.

Question 37

What are light microscopes used for

Answer 37

light microscopes are used to study living cells and for regular use when relatively low magnification and resolution is enough

Question 38

What are electron microscopes used for

Answer 38

electron microscopes provide higher magnifications and higher resolution images but cannot be used to view living cells

Question 39

How do you calculate magnification level

Answer 39

the eyepiece lens X the objective lens.

Question 40

How do you calculate magnification

Answer 40

Magnification = size of image / real size of object

Question 41

What can be used to make cells more visible

Answer 41

Iodine

Question 42

What is resolution

Answer 42

to see two points as two points, rather than merged into one

Question 43

How many millimetres in 1cm

Answer 43

10

Question 44

How many micro meters in one cm

Answer 44

1000

Question 45

How many nano meters in one cm

Answer 45

10000000

Question 46

What are enzymes made of

Answer 46

Enzymes are made of proteins

Question 47

What do enzymes function as

Answer 47

They are biological catalysts

Question 48

Can enzymes be used up

Answer 48

No they cannot get used up

Question 49

What Is the active site

Answer 49

The active site is the site where the substrate breaks down the molecule

Question 50

Why do enzymes Denature

Answer 50

They denature because they are exposed to extreme PH’s or high temperatures

Question 51

What happens when an enzyme denatures

Answer 51

If this happens then the substrate will no longer fit into the enzymes.

Question 52

What is diffusion

Answer 52

Diffusion is the movement of particles in a net movement from high to low concentration

Question 53

What factors can affect diffusion

Answer 53

Concentrateion gradient, temperature, surface area

Question 54

How does the concentration gradient affect diffusion

Answer 54

The greater the difference in concentration, the quicker the rate of diffusion

Question 55

How does the temperature affect diffusion

Answer 55

The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the particles will have, so they will move and mix more quickly

Question 56

How does surface area affect diffusion

Answer 56

The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 57

What is osmosis

Answer 57

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules, from a region where they are in higher concentration, to a region where they are in lower concentration, through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 58

How do you calculate the change in mass

Answer 58

(Mass at end - mass at start)/(mass at start ) = x. X x 100

Question 59

What is active transport

Answer 59

Active transport is a process that is required to move molecules against a concentration gradient. The process requires energy.