Cell Structure

Question 1

What are animals made up of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Are animals eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

Name 5 components of a generalized animal cell.

Answer 3

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, microconidium, cell membrane

Question 4

Explain the cell structure of cytoplasm and explain how its related to its function.

Answer 4

A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.

Question 5

Explain the cell structure of nucleus and explain how its related to its function.

Answer 5

Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.

Question 6

Explain the cell structure of cell membrane and explain how its related to its function.

Answer 6

It is permeable to some substances but not to others and so controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 7

Explain the cell structure of mitochondria and explain how its related to its function.

Answer 7

Organelles that contains the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.

Question 8

Explain the cell structure of ribosomes and explain how its related to its function.

Answer 8

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Question 9

What are plants made up of?

Answer 9

Cells

Question 10

Are animal cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 10

Eukaryotic

Question 11

Name the components of a generalised plant cell.

Answer 11

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, vacuole, mitochondrion, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast.

Question 12

What structures do animal and plant cells have in common?

Answer 12

The nucleus, cell membrane,
mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 13

Explain the cell structure of chloroplast and explain how its related to its function.

Answer 13

Organelle that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.

Question 14

Explain the cell structure of cell walls and explain how its related to its function.

Answer 14

Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose.

Question 15

Explain the cell structure of permanent vacuoles and explain how its related to its function.

Answer 15

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen.

Question 16

Can animal cells have vacuoles?

Answer 16

Yes, but these are small and temporary

Question 17

Are all bacteria single celled?

Answer 17

Yes.

Question 18

Are bacterial cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 18

Prokaryotic

Question 19

What makes a prokaryotic cell different?

Answer 19

No nucleus or any other structures that are surrounded by membranes.

Question 20

Name the components of a generalised bacterial cell.

Answer 20

Chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, flagellum (not always present), cell membrane and cell wall.

Question 21

What components do animal and plant cells share with bacterial cells?

Answer 21

Cytoplasm and cell membrane.

Question 22

Explain the structure of chromosomal DNA and how its related to its function.

Answer 22

The DNA of bacterial cells is found loose in the cytoplasm. It is called chromosomal DNA and is not contained within a nucleus.

Question 23

Explain the structure of plasmid DNA and how its related to its function.

Answer 23

Bacteria also have small, closed-circles of DNA called plasmids present in their cytoplasm. Unlike the chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA can move from one bacterium to another giving variation.

Question 24

Explain the structure of flagella and how its related to its function.

Answer 24

Bacteria can have one or more flagella (singular: flagellum). These can rotate or move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium.

Question 25

Explain the structure of the cell wall and how its related to its function.

Answer 25

Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose.