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BIOLOGY PAPER 1 > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What sub-cellular structures are in an animal cell ?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

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2
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Controls activities of the cell and contains genetic material

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3
Q

What is a cytoplasm?

A

Where most chemical reactions take place

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4
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

Controls passage of substances into and out of cell

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5
Q

What is a mitochondria?

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place

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6
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Where proteins are synthesised

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7
Q

What sub-cellular structures are in plant cells ?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

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8
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

Made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell

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9
Q

What is a permanent vacuole?

A

Filled with cell sap, which supports the plant

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10
Q

What are chloroplasts and why do plants have them?

A

Plants need to make their own food, so some of their cells contain chloroplasts which absorb light to make food ( glucose ) by photosynthesis

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11
Q

What are the two main types of cells ?

A

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

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12
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material enclosed in nucleus

Prokaryotic cells DO NOT contain their genetic material in nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller

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13
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Plant cells
Animal cells
Fungal cells

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14
Q

What are prokaryotic cells ?

A

Bacteria cells

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15
Q

Where is genetic material in prokaryotic cells ?

A

In a single DNA loop + there maybe one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids

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16
Q

What are the mitochondria and chloroplasts roles taken over by in a bacteria cell?

A

Cytoplasm

17
Q

What is meant by flagella?

A

There may be one or more flagella, which are tail-like structures that move the bacterium

18
Q

What is meant by plasmid DNA?

A

A small, commonly circular, section of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. Plasmids also allow bacteria cells to move genes from one cell to another

19
Q

What is different about the cell wall of a bacteria cell?

A

Is not made up of cellulose

20
Q

What is meant by chromosomal DNA?

A

The DNA of bacteria is not found within a nucleus and is usually found as one long, looped chromosome

BIOLOGY PAPER 1 (4 decks)

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