cell structure

Question 1

what are the two types of cells?

Answer 1

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 2

what is the purpose of the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

to keep the organelles safe and organized, help

Question 3

what is the purpose of the nucleus?

Answer 3

1. the control center of the cell, send information across the cell

Question 4

what is the purpose of the nucleolus?

Answer 4

assemble ribosomes and producing the RNA that will be incorporated into ribosomes

Question 5

what is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

to regulate what goes in and out of the cell, keeping the structure of the cell

Question 6

what is the purpose of the cell wall?

Answer 6

to protect the fragile cells of plant and prokaryotic cells, help retain form

Question 7

what cell doesn’t have a cell wall?

Answer 7

animal cells

Question 8

what is the purpose of the vacuoles?

Answer 8

to store water, salt, protein, and carbo hydrates

Question 9

do plant cell vacuoles store more than animal cell ones? if so, why?

Answer 9

yes, plant cell vacuoles store more than their counterparts as cells don’t move so they use them to store food and materials they need for energy

Question 10

what do lysosomes do? what are the?

Answer 10

they are small organelles filled with enzymes and help get rid of what the cell no longer needs

Question 11

what is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

1. support cell structure
2. help with flexibility in the cell

Question 12

what is the difference between microtubule and microfilaments? where are they located?

Answer 12

1. they are both located in the cytoskeleton
2. microtubule aids in support and structure, while microfilaments aid in flexibility

Question 13

what do centrioles do and where are they found?

Answer 13

they are exclusive to animal cells and help with cell division/cell mitosis

Question 14

what is mitosis?

Answer 14

the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division

Question 15

what is the mitochondria and what does it do?

Answer 15

the mitochondria is the power house of the cell, converting chemical energy into ATP for the cell to use

Question 16

what is the chloroplast and where is it found?

Answer 16

found in plant cells, the chloroplast takes sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

Question 17

What is the function of the rough ER?

Answer 17

the purpose of the rough er is to create proteins using the ribosomes that it contains, making it appear grainy and darker

Question 18

what is the function of the smooth ER?

Answer 18

to produce membrane lipids

Question 19

what is the purpose/function of the ribosomes? where can they be found

Answer 19

commonly found in the rough ER or loosely in the cytoplasm, ribosomes are 1/2 of protein synthesize in the cell.

Question 20

what is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 20

it’s the fedex of the cell. it checks the proteins and lipids, modifies them if necessary, and seals them so they can be transported

Question 21

what is the function of the flagella?

Answer 21

helps move bacteria

Question 22

Do baterias have cilia?

Answer 22

no. what thye have is pili, which looks like cilia but isn’t. it helps the cell attach to surfaces.

Question 23

what is the function of cilia?

Answer 23

to help cells move in water

Question 24

what is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 24

1. a semi-permeable lipid bilayer
2. proteins
3. cholesterol

Question 25

what are the three types of protein?

Answer 25

1. receptor protein 2. transport proteins 3. recognition protein

Question 26

what are the two transport proteins?

Answer 26

1. channel: allow molecules to move through a concentration gradient 2. carrier: changes shape to help bigger molecules get through the membrane and into the cell

Question 27

describe transport proteins

Answer 27

help transport big molecules into the cell, as well as H2O since the tails are hydrophobic

Question 28

descrive receptor proteins

Answer 28

deals with the chemical signals between the cell and different molecules, signaling it to the cell. (handles hormones)

Question 29

describe recognition proteins

Answer 29

help cells identify other cells as healthy or foreign (ex. glycoprotein)

Question 30

what is the function of cholestrol?

Answer 30

to help maintain membrane flexibility

Question 31

what is the difference between passive and active transport?

Answer 31

active transport requires energy from the cell while passive does not

Question 32

what is passive transport?

Answer 32

the cell gets rid of and brings thins in until it reaches equilibrium

Question 33

what are the three types of passive transport?

Answer 33

1. diffusion 2. facilitated/simple diffusion 3. osmosis

Question 34

describe diffusion

Answer 34

the movement of something going from high concentration to low concentration

Question 35

describe both facilitated and simple diffusion

Answer 35

1. facilitated: uses transport proteins to move big molecules 2. simple: easily gets through phospholipid layer

Question 36

descrie osmosis

Answer 36

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 37

what is hypotonic?

Answer 37

when the water concentration on the outside of the cell is higher, causing it to go inside of the cell and swell.

Question 38

what is hypertonic?

Answer 38

wwhen there is a higher concentration of solution outside the cell, causing water to flow out of the cell, which then shrinks the cell.

Question 39

what is active transport?

Answer 39

the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane from low to high concentration through the use of cellular energy

Question 40

describe protein pumps during active transport

Answer 40

the cell needs the help of protein pumps when transporting molecules like sodium and potasium

Question 41

describe bulk transport

Answer 41

cells invest energy to transport through vesicles as well as their motion

Question 42

what is endocytosis?

Answer 42

the process of taking in vesicles to move materials inside of the cell

Question 43

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 43

it is the process in which a cell (typically ameoba or white blood cell) engulfs something it wants or needs to consume.

Question 44

describe pinocytosis

Answer 44

the uptake of extracellular fluids and dissolved solutes, such as fat droplets, vitamins, and antigens

Question 45

what is exocytosis?

Answer 45

the process by which a cell releases large molecules and waste from its cytoplasm to the outside of the cell