Cell Structure

Question 1

Draw and label an animal cell.

Question 2

Draw a plant cell.

Question 3

Draw a bacteria cell.

Question 4

What is the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell?.

Answer 4

1. Plant cells contain chloroplasts, a cell wall and a cell vacuole and animal cells don’t

Question 5

What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 5

1. The cell wall in plant cells is made of cellulose, and in bacteria, it is made of Meurin.
2. A bacteria cell’s ribosomes are much smaller than those of a plant or animal cell.
3. Eukaryotic cells are also much larger than prokaryotic cells.
4. E cells have a nucleus and P cells don’t.
5. The DNA in eukaryotic cells is longer, linear, associated with proteins and contains both exons and introns and the DNA in prokaryotic cells is shorter, circular, not associated with proteins and does not contain introns.

Question 6

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

It controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Question 7

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 7

It stores the cell’s DNA which controls the cell’s activities.

Question 8

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

produces ATP through aerobic respiration and releases energy.

Question 9

Draw a mitochondrion?

Question 10

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 10

The site of photosynthesis.

Question 11

Draw a chloroplast.

Question 12

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

Processes and packages proteins and lipids. It can also make lysosomes.

Question 13

What is the function of the Golgi vesicles

Answer 13

Stores and transports proteins made by the Golgi apparatus.

Question 14

What is the function of the lysosomes?

Answer 14

They contain lysozymes that digest invading cells and break down dead cell matter.

Question 15

What is the function of the ribosomes? .

Answer 15

The site of protein synthesis.

Question 16

What is the function of the RER?

Answer 16

Folds and process proteins that have been made in the ribosomes.

Question 17

What is the function of the SER?

Answer 17

synthesis and processes lipids.

Question 18

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 18

supports the cell.

Question 19

What is the function of the cell vacuole?

Answer 19

Helps the cell maintain its shape.

Question 20

What is the structure of a virus cell?

Answer 20

They contain a capsid, genetic material and attachment proteins.

Question 21

Why are virus cells considered non-living?

Answer 21

1. They can’t survive on their outside of a host cell.
2. They don’t undergo cell division.
3. They don’t have any metabolic processes.

Question 22

How does the structure of an epithelial cell relate to its function?

Answer 22

The surface of the small intestine has a lot of villi that increase the surface area for the absorption of food. The epithelial cells that make up the villi have a lot of microvilli that increase the surface area even more. They have a lot of mitochondria that release energy for the active transport of food molecules.

Question 23

How does the structure of a red blood cell relate to its function?

Answer 23

It has no nucleus to make more space for oxygen. It has a biconcave shape which increases the surface area for the absorption of oxygen.

Question 24

How does the structure of a sperm cell relate to its function?

Answer 24

It has a middle packed with mitochondria to release the energy it needs to swim to the egg. It has a tail which helps it to swim to the egg.

Question 25

How does the structure of a muscle cell relate to its function?

Answer 25

It has a lot of mitochondria which release energy for muscle contraction. It is made up of fibres that contract and relax to make the muscle move.