Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

It is the site of DNA replication and transcription.

Contains the genetic code for each cell.

Question 2

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 2

Small sphere inside the nucleus which is the site of rRNA production and makes ribosomes.

Question 3

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 3

Double membrane that contains nuclear pores which allow molecules to enter and leave the nucleus

Question 4

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

Answer 4

Synthesis proteins

Question 5

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

Answer 5

Synthesis lipids and carbohydrates

Question 6

What is the structure of the Endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 6

Both have a folded membrane called the cisternae

Question 7

What does the RER have that the SER doesn’t?

Answer 7

RER contains ribosomes on the cisternae

Question 8

What is the structure of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 8

Contains cisternae, contains secretary vesicles that pinch off from the cisternae

Question 9

What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 9

Add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins.

packages and modifies proteins and lipids.

Question 10

What are the functions of lysosomes?

Answer 10

Digests worn out organelles

Break down dead cells

Question 11

What is the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 11

Bag of digestive enzymes. Contains a single membrane.

Question 12

What is the name of the fluid inside the mitochondria?

Answer 12

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 13

Is the mitochondria double membraned or single membraned?

Answer 13

It is double membraned.

Question 14

What is the name of the inner membrane?

Answer 14

Cristae

Question 15

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Answer 15

It is the site of aerobic respiration

Site of ATP production

DNA to code for enzymes needed in respiration.

Question 16

What is the size of ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

80S - relatively large

Question 17

What is the size of ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 17

70S - smaller.

Question 18

What is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 18

contains two subunits of proteins and rRNA

Question 19

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 19

Site of protein synthesis

Question 20

What is the membrane that surrounds the vacuole?

Answer 20

Tonoplast which is a single membrane.

Question 21

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 21

Maintain water potential, provide cell structure and contains cell sap

Question 22

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

Answer 22

Double membrane filled with thylakoids which stack up to form a granum.

Question 23

What is the name of the fluid in chloroplasts? and what is the function?

Answer 23

Stroma, and it contains enzymes for photosynthesis.

Question 24

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 24

Site of photosynthesis.

Question 25

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 25

Made of microfibrils of cellulose polymer - B glucose.

Question 26

what are fungi cell walls made of?

Answer 26

Made of chitin, nitrogen containing polysaccharide.

Question 27

What is the structure of Plasma Membrane

Answer 27

Contains a phospholipid bilayer with glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of the membrane.

Question 28

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 28

to provide structural strength to the cell.

Question 29

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 29

Controls the entrance and exit of molecules.

Question 30

What are the components of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 30

Microfilaments Intermediate fibers Microtubules

Question 31

What is the function of microfilaments?

Answer 31

Involved in cell movements. Control cell division

Question 32

What is the function of intermediate fibers?

Answer 32

Strengthening of cells

Question 33

What are the functions of microtubules

Answer 33

involved in the movements of organelles. Form spindle fibers involved in movement of chromosomes. Determine shape of cells.