Cell structure

Question 1

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles to carry out specific functions

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Single-celled organisms that lack nucleus and organelles

Question 3

What is the plasma membrane for?

Answer 3

Regulating and exchanging substances to allow nutrients go in and exert waste

Question 4

What process does the membrane support?

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Jelly-like substance inside the cell

Question 6

What is the cytoplasm for?

Answer 6

Site of metabolic reactions

Question 7

What are ribosomes?

Answer 7

Organelles that synthesise proteins

Question 8

How do ribosomes synthesise protein?

Answer 8

Translation of mRNA into proteins

Question 9

What kind of ribosomes do prokaryotes have?

Answer 9

70s

Question 10

What kind of ribosomes do eukaryotes have?

Answer 10

80s

Question 11

What is the nucleus?

Answer 11

A double membrane-bound structure containing the cell DNA

Question 12

What is the nucleus for?

Answer 12

Directs cellular activity by regulating gene expression in cell division

Question 13

What are nuclear envelopes in the nucleus?

Answer 13

Pores for the selective transport of RNA and proteins

Question 14

What are mitochondria?

Answer 14

Double membrane-bound organelles that produce ATP for aerobic respiration

Question 15

What are the cristae in the mitochondria for?

Answer 15

Increasing surface area and maximise energy production

Question 16

What is the matrix in the mitochondria for?

Answer 16

Houses enzymes for the Krebs cycle

Question 17

What is the ER or Endoplastic Rectulum?

Answer 17

Network of membranes for transport and synthesis

Question 18

What is the Rough ER for?

Answer 18

Synthesises proteins with ribosomes to incorporate into membranes

Question 19

What is smooth ER for?

Answer 19

Synthesises lipids and stores calcium

Question 20

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 20

Membrane-bound sacs that package proteins and lipids

Question 21

How does the Golgi process or “packages” the proteins and the lipids?

Answer 21

It turns them into vesicles or does glycolisation

Question 22

What are vesicles?

Answer 22

Membrane-bound sacs made of a phospholipid bilayer that carry substances

Question 23

What are vacuoles?

Answer 23

Compartments where nutrients, waste and water are stored

Question 24

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 24

Specialised vesicles containing enzymes

Question 25

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 25

A network of protein fibres that provide structure and transport

Question 26

What are microtubules as part of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 26

Tubules that maintain a cell's shape and work as tracks for organelle movement

Question 27

What are microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 27

Fibres that support cell shape and guide vesicles

Question 28

What is the cell wall?

Answer 28

A rigid and protective layer that provides structural support and protection

Question 29

What is peptidoglycan?

Answer 29

A component of sugars and amino acids that form a mesh-like rigid structure

Question 30

Where is the DNA in prokaryotes?

Answer 30

Exists freely in the cytoplasm

Question 31

Where are the ribosomes in prokaryotes?

Answer 31

Scattered through the cytoplasm