Cell Structure 2.1

Question 1

By what process do prokaryotic cells divide?

Answer 1

Binary fission

Question 2

Why can’t prokaryotic cells divide by mitosis?

Answer 2

Because they do not contain linear chromosomes.

Question 3

What are the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

• Both have a plasma membrane
• Both have cytoplasm
• Both have ribosomes
• Both have BND + RNA

Question 4

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

• Pro cells are smaller.
• Pro cells have less developed cytoskeleton with no centrioles (don’t need them for cell division).
• Pro cells do not have membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, ER)
• Pro cells have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan and not cellulose.
• Pro cells have smaller ribosomes.
• Pro cells have naked DNA not wound in histone proteins.

Question 5

Describe the structure of a prokaryotic bacteria cell.

10 structures to recall + the diameter of bacteria cell

Answer 5

• Ribosomes
• Loop of DNA
• Plasmids (small circles of DNA)
• Plasma membrane
• Cell wall (made of peptidoglycan)
• Cytoplasm
• Flagellum (allows bacteria to move, sing. flagella)
• Mesosome (site of respiration)
• Capsule (slimy layer on surface for protection and to prevent dehydration)
• Pili (small hair like structures that allow bacteria to adhere to each other or host cells)
• Diameter between 0.5 - 5 micrometres