Cell Structure 2.1.1 Flashcards
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the outer membrane of the mitochondria called?
Outer membrane
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?
Inner membrane
What is the space between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria called?
Intermembrane space
What is the fluid-filled space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?
Matrix
What are the folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?
Cristae
What is the main function of the mitochondria?
To produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
What is the role of the mitochondria in apoptosis?
It releases proteins that trigger cell death
What molecule is essential for the production of ATP in the mitochondria?
Oxygen
Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
True or False: Mitochondria have their own DNA.
True
What is the name of the DNA found in mitochondria?
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
What is the function of mtDNA?
It encodes essential proteins for mitochondrial function
What is the process by which mitochondria generate ATP?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Which enzyme complex is responsible for ATP production in the mitochondria?
ATP synthase
What is the name of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria?
Respiratory chain
Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur in the mitochondria?
In the matrix
What is the primary source of electrons for the electron transport chain in the mitochondria?
NADH and FADH2
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
What is the term for the process by which mitochondria produce heat instead of ATP?
Uncoupling
What is the term for the process by which mitochondria degrade damaged organelles?
Mitophagy
What is the name of the protein complexes involved in the electron transport chain?
Complex I, II, III, IV, V
What is the role of Complex V in the electron transport chain?
It produces ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
What is the term for the process by which mitochondria replicate their DNA and divide?
Mitochondrial fission
