cell structure

Question 1

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 1

A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It, therefore, controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 4

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 4

Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 5

A tiny organelle where protein synthesis occurs.

Question 6

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 6

Organelles that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

Made from cellulose fibers and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.

Question 8

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 8

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.

Question 9

Do animal cells have vacuoles?

Answer 9

Yes, animal cells may also have vacuoles, but these are small and temporary. In animals, they are commonly used to store or transport substances.

Question 10

What do animal cells contain?

Answer 10

cell membrane, cytoplasm, neclues and mitocondira.

Question 11

What do plant cells contain?

Answer 11

cell membrane, cytoplasm, neclues, mitocondira, vacuol and cell wall.

Question 12

why are ribosomes needed?

Answer 12

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs. They create protein which is essential for growth and repair

Question 13

What do bacteria cells contain?

Answer 13

cell wall, membrane, DNA, cytoplasm and, ribosomes

Question 14

What are chromosomes made out of?

Answer 14

DNA

Question 15

What controls the rate of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm?

Answer 15

Enzymes

Question 16

What organismes are made up of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

animals, plants, fungi, and archaea

Question 17

What organismes are made up of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 17

Bacteria, algae and, protist.

Question 18

When looking at an animal cell on a light microscope what can you see?

Answer 18

cytoplasm, neclues, the cell membrain, and you can see mitocondria but not in detail.

Question 19

When looking at an animal cell on an electron microscope what can you see?

Answer 19

You can see all of the organelles in detail.

Question 20

When looking at plant cell on a light microscope what can you see?

Answer 20

cytoplasm, neclues, vacuole, cell membren, cell wall and chloroplast.

Question 21

When looking at plant cell on an electron microscope what can you see?

Answer 21

You can see all of the organelles in detail.

Question 22

How are sperm cells adapted to carry out their function?

Answer 22

• The head of the sperm contains the genetic material for fertilisation
• The acrosome in the head contains enzymes so that the sperm can penetrate an egg
• The middle piece is packed with mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg
• The tail enables the sperm to swim.

Question 23

How are nerve cells adapted to carry out their function?

Answer 23

• The nerve cell is extended, so that nerves can run to and from different parts of the body to the central nervous system
• The cell has extensions and branches, so that it can communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands
• he nerve cell is covered with a fatty sheath, which insulates the nerve cell and speeds up the nerve impulse.

Question 24

How are muscle cells adapted to carry out their function?

Answer 24

• Muscle cells contain filaments of protein that slide over each other to cause muscle contraction
• The arrangement of these filaments causes the banded appearance of the heart muscle and skeletal muscle
• They contain many well-developed mitochondria to provide the energy for muscle contraction
• In skeletal muscle, the cells merge so that the muscle fibres contract in unison.

Question 25

How are root hair cells adapted to carry out their function?

Answer 25

-The root hair cell has a large surface area to provide contact with soil water. It has thin walls so as not to restrict the movement of water.

Question 26

How are Xylem cells adapted to carry out their function?

Answer 26

- There are no top and bottom walls between xylem vessels, so there is a continuous column of water running through them. - Their walls become thickened and woody. They there fore support the plant.

Question 27

How are Phloem cells adapted to carry out their function?

Answer 27

- Dissolved sugars and amino acids can be transported both up and down the stem - Companion cells, adjacent to the sieve tubes provide energy required to transport substances in the phloem.

Question 28

Approximately how big are animal cells?

Answer 28

animal cells are between 0.01 mm – 0.05 mm

Question 29

Approximately how big are plant cells?

Answer 29

plant cells are between 0.01 mm – 0.10 mm