Cell structure and divsion Flashcards
Function of Cell-surface membranes
Cell structure and division
Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell
Has receptor molecules which allow it respond to chemicals like hormones
Function of Nucleus
Cell structure and division
Controls cell’s activities
DNA contains intstructions to make proteins
Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
Nucleus makes ribosomes
Function of Mitochondria
Cell structure and division
Site of aerobic respiration which produces ATP
Found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy
Function of Chloroplasts
Cell structure and division
Site where photosynthesis takes place
Some parts of photosynthesis happen in grana and other parts happen in the stroma
Function of Golgi apparatus
Cell structure and division
Modifies, processes and packages new lipids and proteins
Also make lysosomes
Function of Golgi vesicle
Cell structure and division
Stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell
Function of Lysosomes
Cell structure and division
Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes
These are kept seperate from the cytoplasm by surrounding membrane
Used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell
Function of Ribosomes
Cell structure and division
Site where proteins are made
Function of Rough endoplasmic reticulums
Cell structure and division
Folds and processes proteins that have been made at ribsomes
Function of Smooth endoplasmic reticulums
Cell structure and division
Synthesises and processes lipids
Function of Cell walls
Cell structure and division
Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape
Function of Cell vacuoles
Cell structure and division
Plants
Helps maintain pressure inside cell and keep cell rigid - stops plant wilting
It’s also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell
How are epithelial cells adapted for their function?
Cell structure and division
Walls of small intestine have lots of finger-like projections called villi - increase SA for absorption
Epithelial cells on surface of the villi have folds in cell-surfaces membranes called microvilli - increase SA even more
Have lots of mitochondria - provide energy for transport of digested food molecules into the cell
How are red blood cells adapted for their function?
Cell structure and division
Adpated to carry oxygen around the body
Have no nucleus to make more room for haemoglobin
How are sperm cells adapted for their function?
Cell structure and division
Contain a lot of mitochondria to provide large amounts of energy needed to propel themselves towards an egg
