Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
(40 cards)
Cells are the basic building blocks of __
- Life
All living things are __
- Made up of cells
Cells come from __
- Pre-existing cells
Prokaryotic cells (pro=__, karyote=__)
__ cells
Lack membrane bound __ and __
Contain a rigid __
Example : __
- Before, nucleus
- Small
- Nucleus, organelles
- Cell wall
- E. Coli
Eukaryotes (Eu=__)
__ cells
__ a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
May be __ or __
Example: __
- True
- Larger
- Contain
- Single celled, multicellular
- Animals
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain __ __ __ __
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- DNA
Cell Membrane
Barrier between __ and __ of the cell
Composed of __ and __
- Inside, outside
- Phospholipids, proteins
Cytoplasm
The semi-gelatinous, __ material inside the cell
- Aqueous
Ribosomes
Function in the __
- Production of protein
DNA
DNA is housed in a __ in a eukaryotic cell
DNA is __ in a prokaryotic cell
- Membrane bound nucleus
- Free-floating
Passive Transport __ require energy in the form of ATP
3 Forms of Passive Transport
- Does not
- Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis
(pic shown in docs of the 3)
Simple Diffusion
Movement of a molecule from an area of __ concentration to an area of __ concentration across a __
Movement occurs between __
Small, uncharged, lipid soluble materials
Example: __
- High, low, semipermeable membrane
- Adjacent phospholipids
-Oxygen
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of a molecule from an area of __ concentration to an area of __ concentration across a __
Movement occurs through a __
__ or __ (charged or polar) molecules
Example: __ or __
- High, low, semipermeable membrane
- Transport protein
- Large, hydrophilic
- Ions, glucose
Osmosis
Diffusion of __ from an area of __ water concentration to an area of __ water concentration across a semipermeable membrane
OR diffusion of water from an area of __ solute concentration to an area of __ solute concentration
Movement occurs through a transport protein called an __
Because osmosis is __, you cannot purposefully move water from one side of a membrane to another, rather you must promote osmosis with a __
- Water, high, low
- Low, high
- Aquaporin (water pore)
- Passive, solute
(Pic on docs)
Hypotonic solution (hypo=__)
__ solute concentration in the solution than inside the cell
Water moves into the cell causing the cell to __
- Below normal
- Lower
- Swell
Hypertonic solution (hyper=__)
__ solute concentration in the solution than inside the cell
Water moves __ of the cell causing it to __
- Above normal
- Higher
- Out, crenate
Isotonic solution
__ amounts of solute inside the cell and outside the cell
Equal movement of water __ and __ of the cell
Cell __ its normal shape and size
- Equal
- Into, out
- Retains
Active transport: requires energy in the form of ATP
Movement (pumping) of a molecule from an area __ concentration to an area of __ concentration __ the concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane
- Low, high, against
Primary active transport
Movement occurs through a __
__ or __ molecules
Na+-K+ (Sodium potassium) pump is the __ important in the body
Uses ATP to pump __ sodium out of cell and __ potassium in
Maintains ion balances across the cell
Essential for __ and __
- Transport protein
- Large, hydrophilic
- Most
- 3, 2
- Nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction
Endocytosis
Use of a membrane bound vesicle to move __
Process:
Membrane invaginates to __ a pore
Materials are __ into the pore
Vesicle __ of the membrane and is now inside the cell
-Bulk materials into the cell
- Create
- Drawn
- Pinches off
Exocytosis
Use of a membrane bound vesicle to move __
Process:
Vesicle __ toward the cell membrane
Vesicle and cell membrane __
Pore is __ to the outside of the cell and materials are __
- Bulk materials out of the cell
- Migrates
- Fuse
- Opened up, released
Nucleus
Spherical organelle containing the DNA
Nuclear Envelope
Double phospholipid bilayer surrounding the DNA
Nuclear Pores
Holes in the envelope that allow small materials to move in or out
