Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Biological Hierarchy of the Body

Answer 1

way to organize structures in living things

Question 2

What is the Hierarchy of the body (smallest to largest)

Answer 2

Chemicals, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, Organism

Question 3

What do chemicals build?

Answer 3

Cells

Question 4

What are macromolecules?

Answer 4

Large chemicals that are important to living things

Question 5

What are some examples of macromolecules?

Answer 5

Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 6

What are cells considered as?

Answer 6

Fundamental units of life

Question 7

What happens when cells come together?

Answer 7

They form tissues

Question 8

What are the four basic types of tissues?

Answer 8

epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular

Question 9

What happens if tissues join together?

Answer 9

They form organs

Question 10

What is an organ’s job?

Answer 10

To perform a specific task

Question 11

What are organ systems?

Answer 11

Organs that perform coordinated, large scale functions

Question 12

What are the basic parts of a cell

Answer 12

Nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Question 13

Where are organelles found in

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

Question 14

What is mitosis

Answer 14

cell replication

Question 15

Purpose of mitosis is to

Answer 15

tissue growth and repair

Question 16

What are the phases of mitosis

Answer 16

PMAT: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 17

What is interphase

Answer 17

DNA replication

Question 18

What does prophase do in mitosis

Answer 18

chromosomes condense and visible chromosomes appear

Question 19

what does metaphase do in mitosis

Answer 19

chromosomes line up

Question 20

what does anaphase do in mitosis

Answer 20

chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles

Question 21

What does telophase do in mitosis

Answer 21

Two nuclei form. Daughter cells separate in cytokinesis

Question 22

What are the purposes of meiosis

Answer 22

Forms four gametes

Question 23

(Meiosis I) What happens in Prophase I

Answer 23

Homologous chromosomes pair and cross over

Question 24

(Meiosis I) Metaphase I

Answer 24

Homologous chromosomes are lined up in pairs

Question 25

Anaphase I

Answer 25

One chromosome from each homologous pair is pulled towards each pole

Question 26

Telophase I

Answer 26

Nuclear membranes form as the cell separates into two

Question 27

Prophase II

Answer 27

Daughter cells contain half the chromosome of the original cell

Question 28

Metaphase II

Answer 28

Chromosomes align

Question 29

Anaphase II

Answer 29

sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 30

Telophase II

Answer 30

Nuclear membranes form as the two cells separate into four haploid daughter cells

Question 31

Function of Cell (plasma) membrane

Answer 31

Maintains cells’ environment through the process of selective permeability

Question 32

Cytoplasm

Answer 32

Supports and suspends structures inside the cell membrane; transfers materials required for cellular processes

Question 33

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 33

Processes proteins and lipids

Question 34

Lysosome

Answer 34

Aids in digestion and recycling of old cells materials

Question 35

Mitochondria

Answer 35

Generates chemical energy in the form of ATP molecules

Question 36

Nucleus

Answer 36

Hold genes that carry hereditary information, regulates the activity of the cell

Question 37

Ribosome

Answer 37

Synthesizes proteins

Question 38

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 38

DOES NOT contain ribosomes; synthesizes and concentrates lipids in the cell. Inactivates toxins and harmful metabolic products

Question 39

Vacuole

Answer 39

Serves as storage for a variety of elements, such as water, toxins and carbohydrates