Cell structure and function (and microscope skills)

Question 1

Contains DNA

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Made of cellulose

Answer 2

Cell Wall

Question 3

Gives support to plant cells when filled

Answer 3

Vacuole/Cytoplasm

Question 4

Site of aerobic respiration

Answer 4

Mitochondria

Question 5

Contains chlorophyll

Answer 5

Chloroplasts

Question 6

Contains digestive enzymes

Answer 6

Lysomes

Question 7

Controls which materials enter and exit the cell

Answer 7

Cell membrane

Question 8

Involves in cell division in animal cells

Answer 8

Centrioles/Centrosome

Question 9

Packages and export material from the cell

Answer 9

Golgi appartus

Question 10

Makes proteins

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

Why do cells need to have such zones or compartments? Giving an example

Answer 11

It helps the cell work more efficiently, everything having a designated compartment. Makes multiple organelles work at once, leading to a much more efficient cell. Such as if the nucleus was not membranebound, unwanted things could enter, such as bacteria or Viruses.

Question 12

Why is having a high SA:V ratio beneficial for a cell?

Answer 12

It allows the exchange of nutrients and removal of waste to happen much more efficiently. Getting in and out of the cell much more easier.

Question 13

List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 13

Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA, while eukaryotic cells have linear DNA.
Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do
Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles while prokaryotic cells don’t.

Question 14

What are cells, and why are they all different?

Answer 14

Cells are the basic units of life, may have their own unique structures and functions

Question 15

Three principles of the cell theory

Answer 15

(1) all organisms are made of cells,
(2) the cell is the basic unit of life,
(3) all cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 16

Main structure in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 16

The main structural components of a prokaryotic cell are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA in the nucleoid region

Question 17

Examples of Multicelluar and Unicelluar organisms?

Answer 17

Unicellular Organisms:
E-coil
Amoeba
Fungi: Yeast.

Multicellular Organisms:
Animals
Plants:

Question 18

What are the levels of organization in living things?

Answer 18

Cells, tissues, Organs, Organs systems, and Organisms.

Question 19

How to make a wet mount slide?

Answer 19

1) Collect a thin slice of your sample and place it on a clean, dry slide
2) Place one drop of water over your sample
3) Place the coverslip at a 45-degree angle with one edge touching the water and let go

Question 20

The student used a 40x optical lens. What is the magnification?

Answer 20

40x10=400

Question 20

Sequence of setting up and using a microscope?

Answer 20

1. Plug it in,
2. Switch on the light source.
3. Place the slide on the stage, and
4. Adjust the focus.

Question 21

Nucleous

Answer 21

A nucleolus is a structure within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, mainly responsible for ribosome production. It’s made of RNA and proteins and is crucial for protein synthesis

Question 22

SER

Answer 22

The SER is generally used for the creation/storage of lipids and steroids

Question 23

RER

Answer 23

The RER folds and packages proteins and sends them to the Golgi Apparatus

Question 24

Similarities between plant and Animals cells

Answer 24

They both possess a nucleus and cell membrane

Question 25

Differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 25

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large vacuole. While animal cells lack these structures, they possess centrioles

Question 26

Know the key structures (and their function) in protists,

Answer 26

Flagella and cilia for movement. Chloroplasts (in photosynthetic protists) for energy production.

Question 26

What is a contractile vacuole and its key structures?

Answer 26

Contractile vacuoles are special structures in freshwater protists that gather and remove extra water. This helps prevent the cells from bursting due to too much water.

Question 27

Similarties between pseudopodia, ciliates, and flagellates?

Answer 27

Pseudopodia, cilia, and flagella are all locomotory organelles used by protists for movement.

Question 28

Differences between pseudopodia, ciliates, and flagellates?

Answer 28

Differ in how they move and their overall structure