Cell Structure and Organelles

Question 1

How many types of cells are there?

Answer 1

• Over 200 types in human body
• Despite diff appearance, have the same genetics - its just due to gene expression

Question 2

Plasma cell membrane

Answer 2

• Demarks cell boundary between the internal of the cell and
  the outside environment.
• Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
• Selective permeability

Question 3

Cytoskeleton

Answer 3

Maintains shape in a cell

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

• Contains chromosomal DNA
• Enclosed by a double membrane

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Membrane-less organelles made in the nucleolus

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

• Becomes vesicles to transport protein
• Packages and processes protein + become secondary vesicles

Question 7

Lipid Synthesis

Answer 7

Cells synthesize lipids, such as
phospholipids, in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 8

Membrane Expansion

Answer 8

Cells increase lipid production when they need to expand their membranes (e.g., during cell division)

Question 9

Vesicular Transport

Answer 9

Newly synthesized lipids are
transported to different
membrane compartments
via vesicles

Question 10

Lipid droplets’ function in the cell

Answer 10

Serve as cellular storage sites for lipids providing functions such as
- energy storage
- regulation of lipid levels
membrane material source

• has membranes made of a single layer of phospholipids

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

• Carry out intracellular digestion of both external and internal bodies
• Replete with enzymes such proteases, glycosidases, lipases

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

• Membrane enclosed organelles
  found in possibly in all
  eukaryotic cells.
• Produce most of the ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

Distinctive feature:
➢ have a DNA genome
➢ Have a secondary inner membrane