Cell Structure and Organisation

Question 1

what is the diff between animal and plant cell

Answer 1

plant have; animal dont have :

cell wall
large central vacuole
chloroplast

Question 2

what is the diff between animal and plant vacuole

Answer 2

plant: large central vacuole, permanent

animal: many small ones, transient, meaning temporary

Question 3

what is the protoplasm? what is in the protoplasm?

Answer 3

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 4

what does it mean to cut longitudinal?

Answer 4

cut along the length of the cell (imagine pork belly strips for hotpot)

Question 5

wat does it mean to cut transverse section?

Answer 5

cut right across the cell (imagine lying the bread down and cut it into half)

Question 6

what is the cell membrane made of?

Answer 6

made up of lipids and proteins

Question 7

what are the properties of the cell membrane

Answer 7

it is semi permeable, allowing only small and soluble (fat soluble, not water soluble) substances to pass through

Question 8

what is the cell wall made of?

Answer 8

cellulose

Question 9

properties of cell wall

Answer 9

made of cellulose
fully permeable
protects cell and gives fixed shape

Question 10

what are the diff type of microscope and their magnification

Answer 10

light (x1000)

electron (x200 000)

Question 11

what is the name of the cameras in the microscope

Answer 11

micrographs

Question 12

what is the cytoplasm mainly made up of?

Answer 12

90% water, organic molecues, inorganic ions and waste products (CO2)

Question 13

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 13

controls cell activities
essential for cell division
can be seen under light microscope

Question 14

what are chromosome

Answer 14

long thread-like structure found within nucleus

made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

chromatin threads condenses into chromosomes during cell division

Question 15

what are the two type of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 16

what are organelles

Answer 16

they are membrane bound

Question 17

what parts of the cell are organelles

Answer 17

ERs, ribosome, golgi body, mitochondria, chloroplast, vacuole (in both animal and plant cell)

Question 18

what is the RER (looks abd properties)

Answer 18

flattened spaces with membranes
outer surface of rer is continuous with nuclear envelope
is attached with ribosome

Question 19

what us the function of the rer

Answer 19

transport protein made by ribosome to golgi apparatus

Question 20

function of ribosome

Answer 20

protein synthesis

Question 21

properties, looks of the SER

Answer 21

it is more tubular than the RER
no attached ribosome

Question 22

function of the SER

Answer 22

fats and steroid synthesis
involved in detoxification

Question 23

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 23

chemically modify substances produced by ERs (proteins and fats, steroids)

store and package to vesicle to send out of the cell

Question 24

single and plural mito

Answer 24

mitochondria is plural
mitochondrian is singular

Question 25

function of mitochondria

Answer 25

aerobic respiration (glucose is oxidized to release energy)

Question 26

describe the mito

Answer 26

inner membranes folded for increased surface area to volume ratio contains many proteins bounded on inner membrane