cell structure and organisation Flashcards
(27 cards)
differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
prokaryotes
- smaller cell
- smaller free ribosomes
- no membrane bound organelles
- free DNA
- no nuclear envelope
- peptidolycan cell wall
eukaryotes
- smaller cells
- larger bound ribosomes
- membrane bound organelles
- DNA in the nucleus
- double membrane nucleus
- cellulose cell wall
different tissues and functions
skeletal - moves skeleton
cardiac - heart
smooth - skin and walls of blood vessels
different types of epithelial tissues and their functions
- cuboidal - lines kidney tubules and intestines
- ciliated epithelium - trachea
- squamous - walls alveoli
give a brief summary of transcription
-splicing (keeps exons)
- DNA unzipped via rRNA helicase (breaks hydrogen bonds)
-RNA polymerase is attached by start codon - only one strand used
- free RNA nucleotides align themselves with complementary bases
- RNA polymerase moves along strand forming the bonds
- this results in mRNA and leaves to attach to the ribosomes on the rough ER
give a brief summary of translation
- mRNA has codons which each codes for an amino acid
- tRNA molecules attach to specific amino acid molecules and carry them to mRNA molecule
-complimentary anticodon - codon bases align and held by ribosome attachment site - peptide bonds from between amino acids by condensation
steps to measure magnification
- A to B with a ruler
- divide by magnification
- X 1000 convert to um
typed of tissues and functions
areolar - underskin and connect tissues and skin
collagen - forms tendons which connect muscle to bone
ligaments - connect bones
the different conversions for magnification
1000nm = 1um
1000um = 1mm
1000mm = 1m
1000m = 1km
what happens after translation
the rough ER transports polypeptides via vesicles and merge with golgi body. golgi body modifies proteins and convert to tertiary structure
enzymes are packaged in vesicles and leave through exocytosis
important information about a virus
no cell membrane, no cytoplasm, no organelles, no chromosomes - only reproduce with help of the host
what is the function of chromatin
condenses in prophase
what is the function of cell wall
strengthening of the cell membrane
what is the function of the chloroplast
contains photosynthetic pigment(trap light)
what is the function of the centrioles
creates spindle
what is the function of the nucleolus
produces rRNA, tRNA and ribosomes
what is the function of the plasmodesmata
allows transport
what is the purpose of translation
to make a protein
what is the structure of a virus
contains protein coat or capsid, surrounds the DNA, RNA or few genes
what is the definition of epithelial tissue
continuous layer covering or lining internal or external surfaces of the body
what is the function of the nuclear envelope
seperates contents in the nucleus
whats the function of ribosomes
protein synthesis
whats the function of the golgi body
packages proteins and secretion
what is the function of the mitochondria
ATP synthesis
what is the function of the nucleus
contains DNA that codes for proteins
