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Reviewer(2B) > Cell structure and Taxonomy > Flashcards

Cell structure and Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

chemical reactions that occur within a cell

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

importance of metabolism

A

Growth
Reproduction
Irritability

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3
Q

accidental changes in the genetic material

A

Mutation

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4
Q

do not have complex system of membranes and organelles
bacteria and archaea

A

Prokaryotes

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5
Q

more complex cells
containing true nucleus
and many bound organelles
alagae, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals

A

Eukaryotes

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6
Q

enclosed and keep cell intact
composed of large molecules
like a “skin”
regulates passage of substance in and out
selective permeability

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

18-22 nm in diameter
consists of rRna
synthesized protein
attached in the RER

A

Ribosomes

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8
Q

“packaging plants”
flattened membranous sacs
synthesized proteins into small

A

Golgi complex

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9
Q

contain lysozyme and other digestive system

A

Lysosomes

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10
Q

where hydrogen peroxide is both generated and broken down

A

Peroxisomes

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11
Q

“powerhouse” of the cell
energy carrying molecules(ATP)

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

contain photosynthetic pigments

A

Plastids

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13
Q

one type of plastid
contain a green, photosynthetic called chlorophyll

A

chloroplasts

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14
Q

system of fibers present throughout the cytoplasm
strenghthen support and stiffen the cell, giving its shape

A

Cytoskeleton

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15
Q

slender, hollow tubules

A

Microtubules

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16
Q

slender, thread-like contractile structures which facilitate cell contraction

A

Microfilaments

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17
Q

external struc., provide rigidity, shape, and protection
contain cellulose, pectin, and some mineral

A

Cell wall

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18
Q

polysaccharide present in algae and plants

A

Cellulose

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19
Q

present in fungi and exoskeleton and bettles and crabs

A

Chitin

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20
Q

long, thin structure, organelle of locomotion

A

Flagella

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21
Q

shorter, hair-like
thinner and more numerous
beat with coordinated, rhythmic movement

A

Cilia

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22
Q

10x larger than prokaryotic cells
true nucleus, DNA is enclosed by a nuclear membrane

A

eukaryotic cells

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23
Q

10x smaller than eukaryotic cells
reproduce by binary fission

A

prokaryotic cells

24
Q

inward folding of the cell membrane cellular respiration takes place in bacteria

A

Mesosomes

25
Q

single, long, supercoiled circular DNA molecule
control center of the bacterial cell
capable of repeating itself

A

Chromosomes

26
Q

small, circular molecules of part of double-stranded DNA, not part of the chromosome
contain 10 to hundred gene

A

Plasmid

27
Q

semi-fluid, consists of water, enzyme: dissolved oxygen, waste products, essential nutrients, proteins and carb, and lipids
no organelle

A

cytoplasm

28
Q

most of these are polyribosomes or polysomes

A

Cytoplasmic particles

29
Q

rigid exterior cell wall that defines the shape of bacteria
consists of a complex macromolecule known as peptidoglycan

A

bacterial cell wall

30
Q

thick layer

A

Gram Positive Bacteria

31
Q

thinner layer

A

Gram Negative Bacteria

32
Q

the most widely used procedure for staining bacteria

A

Gram Stain

33
Q

developed Gram strain, over a century age

A

Dr. Hans Christian Gram

34
Q

slimy, gelatinous, material produced by the cell membrane and secreted the cell wall

A

Glycocalyx

35
Q

not highly organized and is not firmly attached to the cell wall

A

slime layer

36
Q

highly organized and firmly attached to the cell wall

A

capsule

37
Q

thread-like protein appendages that enable the bacteria to move

A

Flagella

38
Q

Flagellated bacteria are said to be motile:

A

Monotrichous
Lophotrichous
Amphithrichous
Peritrichous

39
Q

hair-like structures, most often observed on Gram Negative bacteria

A

Pili and Fimbriae

40
Q

formed by a few bacteria when the environment is unfavorable for their survival

A

Endospores

41
Q

processs of forming endospore
resistant to heat, cold, drying and most chemicals

A

Sporulation

42
Q

prokaryotic cells reproduce by

A

Binary fission

43
Q

varies from one bacterial species to another

A

Generation time

44
Q

eukaryotic cell reproduce in a process called

A

Mitosis

45
Q

type of division that gives rise to daughter cells for the purpose of tissue growth, regeneration or asexual reproduction

A

MITOSIS

45
Q

type of division that gives rise to daughter cells for the purpose of tissue growth, regeneration or asexual reproduction

A

MITOSIS

46
Q

is the science of classification of living organism

A

Taxonomy

47
Q

3 interrelated areas of taxonomy

A

Classification
Nomenclature
Identification

48
Q

arrangement of organisms into taxonomic group (taxa)

A

classification

49
Q

assignment of names

A

nomenclature

50
Q

process of determining whether as isolate belongs to a taxa

A

identification

51
Q

established the binomial nomenclature
(genus+specific epithet)

A

Carolus Linnaeus

52
Q

capitalize the first letter

A

Genus

53
Q

not capitalize

A

Soecific epithet

54
Q

In 1978, proposed elevating the three cell types to a level above kingdom called DOMAIN

A

Carl R. Woese

55
Q

cells are classified into three types;

A

Archaeabacteria
Eubacteria
Eukarya

Reviewer(2B) (8 decks)

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